國中生在生活科技科教學活動中問題解決歷程之研究

A Study of Junior High School Students' Problem Solving Procedure in Living Tecnology Activies

簡志雄(Chih-Hsiung Chien)

指導教授 ： 侯世光

國立臺灣師範大學/科技學院/工業科技教育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

中文摘要
本研究旨在觀察國中生在生活科技科教學活動中問題解決之歷程，將學生的問題解決歷程整理歸納之後，以增進教學者在運用問題解決教學策略時更了解學生的內在思考與外部行為。
主要研究目的有（一）了解學生的問題解決外部行為歷程；（二）了解學生的問題解決內在思考歷程；（三）了解學生與同儕在問題解決中的互動情形。
為達成上述的研究目的，選擇研究個案，採用參與觀察、訪談、及資料蒐集等研究方法。研究期間有六位觀察員，分別觀察六位學生，在每一項活動結束後，各觀察員隨即訪談所觀察的學生。
上述所得的資料經過分析、分類、編碼之後，再請觀察員作確認檢核，歸納出（一）學生問題解決的外部行為歷程有：（1）接收與確認工作期，（2）探索期，（3）製作忙碌期，（4）組合與測試期，（5）修正期。（二）學生問題解決的內在思考歷程，可分為（1）好奇心的引發（2）舊經驗的回想，（3）嘗試性的製作，（4）期待老師的指導，（5）尋求同儕的協助，（6）回饋後的修正，（7）下次活動的期待。（三）學生在問題解決過程中與同儕的互動情形有：（1）互動情形侷限，（2）沒有合作學習的功效。研究後發現，學生只限於短暫的溝通，並沒有正式的分組討論，有分工合作，但只限於製作方面，有寫作業單，但不是共同合力完成，而是各自完成。
本研究根據研究發現，提出結論與建議，作為生活科技教學者的參考。
關鍵字：生活科技， 問題解決， 觀察法。

關鍵字

生活科技 ； 問題解決 ； 觀察法

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
The Purpose of this study is to observe and generalize junior high school students’ problem solving procedures and helps instructors to understand more about students’ inner thinking and external behavior more.
The main researching objectives are (1) to understand the students’ inner thinking procedures of problem solving; (2) to understand the students’ external behavior procedures of problem solving; (3) to understand the interaction among students’ peer group in problem solving.
In order to reach those objectives, cases were chosen and participant observed, interviewed, and data collection were adopted. There were six observers and each of them observed a student. By the end of each learning activity, the observers interview the students immediately.
After having analyzing ,classifying and numbering from the above information, and have the observer revise the information. Make a confirmation. The researcher generalized six students’ external behavior procedures. they are （1）to receive and confirm at job stage；（2）exploring stage；（3）busy at work stage；（4）combination and testing stage；（5）revision.
The researcher generalized seven students’ inner thinking procedures. they are（1）strike the curiosty.（2）the recalling memory from past experience.（3）making by trail.（4）the expectation of teacher’s aids.（5）to search for technique and help.（6）thinking after feedback .（7）the expection of next activity.
Students on problem solving process and with the interaction to classmates have two situations. （1）limit on interaction. （2）no effects cooperate with each other. From the research, discover students limit in a short communication without any formal group discussion. There’s a division on works but only on the manufacturing. They did their portfolios individual works, instead of group work.
This research proposed three conclusions are suggestion to the instructor of living technology.
Keyword : living technology, problem solving, observation

並列關鍵字

living technology ； problem solving ； observation