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  • 學位論文

合作建構教學與認知風格對國中學生生物能量概念學習之效應

Effects of Constructivist-Cooperative Teaching and Cognitive Style on Bioenergetic Concepts Learning

指導教授 : 黃達三博士
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摘要


建構主義在教育及科教領域中受到相當重視,在教學上著重學生原有認知架構的看法愈來愈受到研究者及教師的關注。而合作學習藉由增進同儕互動的機會,讓學生經由不同意見的交換與討論達到建立適當認知架構的學習成果。若能在建構主義的教學理念指引下運用合作學習的策略,在合作學習中融入建構主義的教學理念,將是達成科學教育目標的可行方式。此外,由人本主義及認知心理學的角度觀之,在學習歷程中個別差異是影響學習成效的重要變項,其中認知風格常為教育學者重視,外在的教學與學生內在的特質如何影響學生的學習,有待進一步探究。 基於此等認識,本論文融合合作學習與建構主義教學法,建立一個合作建構教學模式,並依據此一模式,採準實驗設計進行教學實驗。以國中一年級兩班76位學生為研究對象,實驗組與對照組分別有38位學生,探究傳統教學與合作建構教學對國中學生生物能量概念學習之效應,並考量認知風格此一中介變項與教學處裡是否發生交互作用。實驗及觀察所得資料,經由單因子共變數分析、及雙因子共變數分析等統計方法,考驗研究假設。所得結果如下:(1) 我國國一學生在認知風格確有不同;(2) 我國國一學生在生物能量確有迷思概念,有其共同性,也有其特殊性;(3) 「合作建構教學」實驗已顯現其主要效應,可以顯著增進國一學生在生物能量相關概念之學習成效;(4) 合作建構教學與學生之認知風格在「國中生物能量概念成就測驗」、「國中生物能量概念圖測驗」的成績上發生顯著的交互作用,亦即確有明顯的ATI效應;(5) 合作建構教學效果之產生有其機制,藉由大幅增進同儕之間在學習生物概念歷程中討論、交換意見的機會,不僅能促進對學習內容的瞭解,同時也提高學習生物的興趣;(6) 不同認知風格的學生在同儕互動中所表現出來的行為模式有所差異;(7) 合作建構教學亦有其弱點與限制;(8)運用概念圖於生物概念學習效果緩慢,但受到學生肯定。 依綜合文獻探討、實徵研究與觀察記錄等資料分析結果,本研究對於未來科學教育提出數點建議:(1) 生物課宜彈性運用合作建構教學;(2) 重視學生認知風格的差異;(3) 科學學習評量方式宜求多元化。對於未來的相關研究建議如下:(1) 研究對象與實驗教材可以涵蓋更廣範圍並力求完整;(2)實驗教學的時間應考量多種不同時程,以利深入瞭解合作學習的效應;(3)應更進一步嘗試其他類型的合作學習法在生物概念學習是否有相同的效應;(4)對於其他認知風格的維度對科學概念學習之效應亦值得研究探討;(5)依據「國中生物能量概念成就測驗」及「國中生物能量概念圖測驗」此二種評量之基礎以發展更為完整的科學學習成就評量工具,是未來科學教育研究之重點。 本論文包括五章,第一章為緒論,說明研究背景、動機、目的、及限制;第二章為相關文獻探討,並發展一合作建構之教學模式;第三章研究設計,包含研究架構及資料收集的工具及分析方法;第四章呈現、分析、並討論以測驗工具及參與觀察所蒐集之資料;第五章依據第二章之文獻回顧及理論建構、第三章之實驗設計、及第四章之實驗結果與討論,做出數點結論,並針對未來科學教育及相關研究提出建議。

並列摘要


Effects of Constructivist-Cooperative Teaching and Cognitive Style on Bioenergetics Concept Learning Ta-Sen Lin Abstract One of the main purpose of education is to bring up well every student to be a good citizen for the state as well as an effective member for the global community. So how to understand accurately of each student’s characteristics and how to teach accordingly are fundamental concern for an educator. Based on this concern, this study was designed with an attempt to explore an ATI effect of cooperative learning and cognitive style on scientific concepts learning. Firstly, this study constructed a teaching model - ‘constructivist-cooperative teaching’, which rooted from philosophy of constructivism and utilized the strategies of cooperative learning. Then, a qusai-experiment following a pretest-posttest control group design was undertaken in two biology classes of the 7th grade in on junior high school in Kaohsinug city. The subjects consisted of 76 students. Of which 38 as experimental group, and 38, control group. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. In addition to testing, an observation and interview were used to collect the data. ANCOVA, t-test, post comparison were performed on the data. Major results came as the follows: (1) This specific use of ‘constructivist-cooperative teaching’ really brought about a positive effect on bioenergetic concepts learning for 7th grade students. (2) Constructivist cooperative teaching experiment & students’ cognitive style produced an ATI effect on bioenergetic concepts learning. (3) The working mechanism for ‘constructivist-cooperative teaching’ positive effect was through encouraging greatly peers’ discussions, exchanging ideas, equalizing opportunity to success, and group-based reinforcing. (4) Peer interactions varied with their cognitive style. (5) Although constructivist-cooperative teaching had main effect, however, it had weakness and limits too. (6) If concept map measurement was taken as criterion, ‘constructivist- cooperative teaching’ brought about more slowly experimental effect. However, concept map could facilitate concept learning was confirmed and welcome by the learners. Based on the findings, some suggestions for future research and science teaching practice were proposed. Key words: Cooperative learning, Constructivism, Cognitive style, Constructivist- cooperative teaching

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