從第五屆立法委員選舉與第十四屆縣（市）長選舉析論台灣政黨政治之發展--以雲林縣、嘉義縣之比較為例

朱敏榮(Min-Jung Chu)

指導教授 ： 紀俊臣

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/三民主義研究所/碩士(2001年)

摘要

一個國家民主政治的發展，政黨政治落實更是不可或缺的一環，藉有透過選舉的觀察，才能檢視政黨政治發展的現狀，更可作為一種民主的具體指標，本文從選舉的角度切入觀察，檢視我國政治發展，發現選舉對政黨政治的發展扮演著關鍵性的角色，台灣地區五十餘年來定期舉辦的選舉，一方面也產生吸納反對勢力走入體制內的作用，一方面使得反對勢力得以逐漸壯大，最後並成立正式的政黨，促成政黨政治的出現。但另一方面地方上政黨的發展，卻並未隨民主化的腳步而向下紮根，仍深受地方政治勢力的影響，地方政治呈現出全然不同的型態，我們發現政黨在地方政治並未扮演積極的作用，尤其在傳統農業縣份更是明顯，地方派系某種程度顯然取代政黨的功能。因此，本論文以雲林縣與嘉義縣為觀察對象，在台灣政黨輪替後政黨政治隱然成型，2001年舉行的中央民意代表及地方縣市長選舉，在新興的政黨成立並投入地方選舉的過程，分別探討政黨政治在地方上發展之困難及挑戰，並析論選舉結果對政黨版圖重組，與地方派系實力之消長所產生之衝激，及地方勢力面對外在環境快速轉變下，如何轉型與調適。
本文研究目的如下：
一 探討雲、嘉兩縣地方派系形成與發展。
二 觀察雲、嘉兩縣地方派系競爭力與競爭場域。
三 探討雲、嘉兩縣的地方政治勢力在不同的選舉競逐所呈現的變化。
四 分析雲林縣、嘉義縣第十四屆縣長選舉與第五屆立法委員選舉，各政黨與派系得票率與當選率及投票率之相互關係。
五 比較雲、嘉兩縣政黨與地方派系動員之能力。
六 分析雲、嘉兩縣之政黨政治發展及地方派系因應之道。
關鍵辭：地方派系、政黨、侍從主義

關鍵字

地方派系 ； 政黨 ； 侍從主義

並列摘要

Putting party politics into practice plays an indispensable role for the development of democracy in a country. Observations from elections can be used to survey the status quo of development of party politics and served as a specific index towards democracy. The political developments in Taiwan are examined from the perspective of elections in this study. It is found that voting plays a critical part in the development of party politics. Elections have been held on a regular basis for over fifty years in Taiwan. On one hand, counterforces are absorbed into the political system, which not only makes the opposition force become stronger, but also motivates it to become a formal political party. On the other hand, development of local political parties is not rooted along with the progress of democratization, but remains influenced deeply by the local political power, which presents a totally different type of local politics. We found that political parties did not impose influential and active impact upon local governments, in traditional agricultural counties in particular because the role of political parties is significantly replaced by local factions and sects to a certain extent. Yunlin and Chiayi counties are the objects of study in this thesis. Party politics is established in Taiwan after political parties change. The difficulties and challenges confronted by party politics against the local governments are explored through the elections of civil representatives in the central government and mayors and county magistrates in 2001 as well as through the process of burgeoning established political parties becoming involved in local elections. From the results of votes, reorganization of party domains, impact upon growth and decline of local sects and transformation and adjustment the local powers have to make as the external environment changes promptly are analyzed and discussed.
Purposes of the study are as follows:
1.Probe into formation and development of the local factions in Yunlin and Chiayi counties.
2.Observe the competitiveness and competition territories of the local factions in Yunlin and Chiayi counties.
3.Explore the changes the local political powers present in different elections in Yunlin and Chiayi counties.
4.Compare the vote rates of each political party and every local faction and analyze the relationship between the elected rate and the ballot rate in the 14th county magistrate and the 5th legislators’ elections in Yunlin and Chiayi counties.
5.Compare the mobilization capabilities of the political parties and local factions in Yunlin and Chiayi counties.
6.Analyze the development of party politics and the countermeasure local factions should take in Yunlin and Chiayi counties.

並列關鍵字

Local factions ； Political parties ； Clientlism