遊客對風景遊憩區認知意象之研究--以陽明山國家公園為例

A Study of Visitors' Cognitive Image of the Scenic Recreation Area -an example of Yangmingshan National Park-

梁國常(Kuo-chang Liang)

指導教授 ： 陳國彥 ； 嚴勝雄

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/地理學系/博士(2001年)

摘要

陽明山國家公園位於台北盆地北緣，毗鄰台北都會區，為以火山地形著名的國家公園，吸引遊客利用週休二日或假期，以半日或一日時間從事遊憩活動，屬於區域生活圈目的型遊憩活動類型。遊憩區予外界的整體印象，是遊客在選擇遊憩活動過程的決策依據；遊憩區的意象，與本身所具有的實質形態特質與屬性相關，可識別性高，自明性強烈，易使遊客留下深刻印象。基於空間移動是人類學習空間知識的基礎，本研究為瞭解遊客對陽明山國家公園的認知意象，在研究設計上採用質性研究的取向，以參與觀察為主軸，融入多元方法同時蒐集質性及量化資料，交叉檢核。在遊憩實驗活動路線設計方面，讓遊客繞行硫磺谷、龍鳳谷、冷水坑、擎天崗、夢幻湖、小油坑、大屯自然公園、竹子湖、陽明公園等九處景點，從事實際遊憩活動；因此，從遊客的空間知識獲取過程與遊憩區的景觀涵構角度切入，以探討遊客的空間認知意象。
研究發現，陽明山國家公園的景點屬性，包括：開闊的景緻、火山的氣味、鮮活的感覺、茫茫的草海、特殊的造形、風景的構成、植物的配襯等七項，其內容成為本區風景的代表象徵，自明性高，容易為遊客所辨識。遊客在遊憩活動空間知識的獲取過程，通過對明顯地物、地貌的掌握，擷取其相關訊息，獲得對遊憩區的整體印象。由於山區缺乏人為標識物，遊客一般傾向於以路徑推演方式，利用相關節點、地標，逐步連結景點，以組織認知圖。認知圖的類型有：空間圖案型、空間配置型、空間分散型、序列連環型等，類型以空間主導形式為主，而景點為遊客所意向的空間對象。依據分析得知，陽明山國家公園的總體意象，存在著一種雙元性結構，路徑、景點、地標、節點、入口等五意象元素構成遊憩區的第一重基本意象架構，而遊憩活動的景域化地區，屬於意象的深層部分，構成遊憩區的第二重結構，因此，陽明山國家公園的總體意象是由路徑、景點、地標、節點、入口、景域化地區等六個意象元素所建構。
關鍵詞：認知，意象元素，認知圖，陽明山國家公園

關鍵字

認知 ； 意象元素 ； 認知圖 ； 陽明山國家公園

並列摘要

Yangmingshan National Park is located in the northern
border of the Taipei Basin, adjoining the Taipei metropolitan area . The recreation area featuring an extinct volcano attracts visitors to be engaged in a half-day or one-day recreation activity on weekends or vacation . It is attributed to the type of regional life circle aimed at recreation activi-ties . The process of selecting a certain kind of recreation activity is based on the general impression of the recreation area . The image of the area is linked to its physical characteristics . High legibility and strong identity are apt to
deeply impress the visitors . In view of the concept that
spatial movement is the foundation of spatial knowledge, the study is qualitative research oriented in order to under
-stand visitors’ cognitive image of Yangmingshan National Park . The essential part of the study is participant obser
-vation with multimethod. I gather and cross-check the
qualitative and quantitative information to design the experimental routes for visitors to tour around Liuhuangku, Lung- fengku, Lengshuiken, Chingtienkang, Menghuan Pond, Hsiao- yuken, Tatun Natural Park, Chutzehu, and Yangming Park .
Hence, visitors’ spatial cognitive image is studied through the acquisition process of the spatial knowledge and viewpoint of the landscape of the recreation area .
The properties of the scenic spots of Yangmingshan National Park include the open view, the volcano smell, vivid feeling, vast grasslands, special shape of the landscape, the formation of the landscape, and the setoff of different plants.
Symbolizing the landscape of the area, these seven properties can easily be recognized by visitors on account of their clear identity . The general impression of the recreation area comes from the acquisition of the spatial knowledge through com-
manding the clear features and the landscape and collecting related information . Without man-made landmarks in the mountain area, visitors are inclined to beat different paths to
connect some nodes and landmarks and make them into scenic spots .Thus, they organize a cognitive map including spatial-
patterned, spatial layout, spatial scattered and sequential chain-and-branch types . According to an analysis, the general image of Yangmingshan National Park originates in a dual frame . The five image elements of paths, scenic spots, landmarks, nodes, and entrances make up the first fundamental image frame; the range of recreation activities, the deeper part of the image, forms the second frame . Therefore, the general image of Yangmingshan National Park is comprised of six image elements: paths, scenic spots, landmarks, nodes, entrances, and the range of recreational activities .
Keywords：cognition , image elements , cognitive map ,
Yangmingshan Natiional Park

並列關鍵字

cognition ； image elements ； cognitive map ； Yangmingshan Natiional Park

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