學校組織中集體協商運作之研究─以北部六縣市國民中學為例

A Study of Collective Bargaining in Schools: Junior High Schools in 6 Northern Taiwan Counties and Cities as an Example

曹芳齡(Fang-Ling Tsao)

指導教授 ： 黃乃熒

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本研究的主要目的有六，分別為一、探討學校組織中集體協商的意涵；二、探討國民中學集體協商目標達成及困境的現況；三、探討國民中學集體協商困境對集體協商目標達成的影響；四、探討解決國民中學集體協商困境的策略；五、探討學校生態變項對國民中學集體協商目標達成及困境影響的差異；六、根據研究結論，提出提升國民中學集體協商運作成效的建議。
為達成上述研究目的，本研究採文獻分析與問卷調查方法。首先，蒐集相關的理論和文獻，其次依據文獻分析結果，編擬「國民中學集體協商運作情況調查問卷」，做為調查工具。在進行實徵研究中以台灣北部六縣市已成立學校教師會的國民中學為母群體，採「二階段抽樣」的方式，抽取40所國民中學，共867位校長、主任、組長、班級導師、專任教師做為樣本，問卷回收603份，回收率為69.6 %，扣除無效問卷後，有效問卷為587份，可用率達67.7 %，問卷資料處理採SPSS 8.0中文視窗版統計套裝軟體進行統計分析。
綜合文獻分析之結果與調查研究之發現，獲得以下結論：
一、 學校組織中集體協商的意涵強調學生權益的維護及學校整體的發展。
二、 國民中學集體協商目標達成尚不特別顯著。
三、 國民中學集體協商的主要困境是協商意見不易整合與協商知能不足。
四、 學校生態對於國民中學集體協商運作成效的影響有限，唯於落實學校本位管理方面的評量，男教師高於女教師、主任高於教師；於促進學校目標達成方面的評量，市級學校高於鄉鎮學校。
五、 學校生態對於國民中學集體協商運作困境的影響有限，唯教師在協商地位不對等的知覺較高、資深者在協商知能不足的知覺較高、大型學校在協商意見不易整合與無法進行理性協商的知覺較高、校齡較短與位居偏遠的學校在協商意見不易整合的知覺較高。
六、 國民中學集體協商困境對國民中學集體協商目標達成具有明顯的負面影響。
七、 解決國民中學集體協商困境的重要策略如下：
（一） 解決協商地位不對等困境的重要策略有二：校長採用民主開明的領導風格、加強學校成員的民主法治素養。
（二） 解決協商意見不易整合困境的重要策略有四：加強學校成員的溝通技巧、建立定期溝通的管道、校長採用民主開明的溝通風格、加強學校成員的民主法治素養。
（三） 解決無法進行理性協商困境的重要策略有四：加強學校成員的民主法治素養、加強學校成員開放討論的能力、建立定期溝通的管道、校長採用民主開明的領導風格。
（四） 解決予人爭權奪利印象困境的重要策略有三：加強學校成員專業身分的反省能力、加強學校成員的民主法治素養、訂定陽光法案或自律公約。
（五） 解決協商知能不足困境的重要策略有二：學校成員主動自發學習、聘請校外專家到校指導。
從研究結論的分析，可以發現下列幾點啟示：
一、 要促進國民中學校務的發展應健全其集體協商的運作。
二、 校長是國民中學集體協商運作的關鍵人物。
三、 學校成員的民主法治素養有助於國民中學集體協商的運作。
四、 完善的法令制度有助於國民中學集體協商的運作。
五、 定期與理性的溝通有助於國民中學集體協商的運作。
六、 學校成員主動擴大其專業知能的領域有助於國民中學集體協商的運作。
七、 校外專家適時的協助與指導將有助於國民中學集體協商的運作。
八、 國民中學集體協商運作應避免採用抵制的行動。
九、 家長參與國民中學集體協商運作可能成為趨勢。
最後依據研究結論與啟示，提出下列建議：
一、 對學校成員的建議
（一） 加強民主法治素養。
（二） 加強溝通討論的能力。
（三） 主動學習協商相關知能。
（四） 訂定自律公約，加強專業自省。
（五） 避免採取抵制的行動。
二、 對校長的建議
（一） 採取民主開明的領導風格。
三、 對學校的建議
（一） 建立學校行政與教師會代表定期溝通的管道。
（二） 主動聯絡校外專家的協助。
（三） 鄉鎮地區學校、大型學校與校齡短的學校應加強學校成員平日之溝通。
四、 對教育行政主管機關的建議
（一） 修改學校集體協商相關法令。
（二） 提供完善的諮詢與協助。
五、 對未來研究者的建議，可拓展研究主題、充實研究內容、輔以質性研究的方法，並可增加研究對象。

關鍵字

集體協商 ； 學校組織

並列摘要

The objectives of this research are: to explore the construction of collective bargaining in schools, to investigate the current situation of collective bargaining in junior high schools, and to render suggestions for improving collective bargaining in junior high schools.
The methods adopted for the research were documentary study and questionnaire survey. A lot of related theories, papers and documents were studied. Based on the results drawn from the documentary study, a questionnaire named "The Questionnaire for Collective Bargaining in Junior High School" was developed. Questionnaires were delivered to 40 junior high schools randomly selected from those which have school teachers' associations and locate in 6 Northern Taiwan counties and cities (Taipei City, Taipei County, Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City and Keelung City). 587 out of the 867 questionnaires sent out were effective. The statistics package software used for the questionnaire analysis was the SPSS for Windows version 8.0.
The conclusions drawn from the documentary study and the questionnaire survey are as follows:
1. Collective bargaining in schools highlights the protection of student rights and the development of schools.
2. The effects of collective bargaining in junior high schools are not remarkable.
3. The major predicaments of collective bargaining in junior high schools are that the agreements are hard to be reached and the knowledge and techniques about collective bargaining are insufficient.
4. It may be limited that the ecology of junior high schools affects the results of collective bargaining.
5. It may be limited that the ecology of junior high schools affects the predicaments of collective bargaining.
6. The predicaments of collective bargaining in junior high schools affect negatively the results of collective bargaining.
7. The major strategies for the predicaments of collective bargaining in junior high schools are that school principals adopt democratic leadership, school staffs enhance their democratic accomplishments and communication skills and so forth.
As per the above conclusions, following inspirations are drawn:
1. In order to facilitate the development of junior high schools, the effects of collective bargaining must be increased.
2. Principals play a key role in junior high school's collective bargaining.
3. Democratic accomplishments may increase the effectiveness of collective bargaining in junior high schools.
4. Well-defined rules may increase the effectiveness of collective bargaining in junior high schools.
5. Regular and rational communication may increase the effectiveness of collective bargaining in junior high schools.
6. The voluntariness of members in junior high schools to learn the knowledge and techniques about collective bargaining may increase the effectiveness of collective bargaining.
7. With experts' help, the effectiveness of collective bargaining in junior high schools may be greatly increased.
8. Boycott should be avoided during the collective bargaining in junior high schools.
9. It may become a trend that parents will participate in the collective bargaining in junior high schools.
As per the above conclusions and inspirations, following propositions are rendered:
1. For school staffs,
(1) They should enhance their democratic accomplishments.
(2) They should enhance their communication skills.
(3) They should voluntarily learn the knowledge and techniques about collective bargaining.
(4) They should formulate autonomous convention and enhance the professional introspection.
(5) They should avoid taking boycott actions in collective bargaining.
2. For school principals, they should adopt democratic leadership.
3. For junior high schools,
(1) They should build up a regular communication channel between school administrators and the representatives of school teachers' association.
(2) They should seek for help from external experts proactively.
(3) Town-owned, large-sized or newly formed schools should enhance the regular communication between staffs in schools.
4. For educational authorities,
(1) They should revise regulations associated with schools' collective bargaining.
(2) They should offer consultations and helps to schools for collective bargaining.
5. For further researchers, they may expand the theme, flesh the content out, use a qualitative research, or increase research targets.

並列關鍵字

collective bargaining ； school organization

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