九十年全國運動會游泳比賽賽程時間之探討

A study on the Time for the Course of the Swimming Contest in 2001 National Athletic Meeting

李至斌(CHIH-PIN LEE)

指導教授 ： 許樹淵

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

運動員日以繼夜不斷地接受嚴厲的訓練，目標就如同達到奧林匹克格言：「更快、更高、更強」（The Olympic Motto 1920,Cities,Allies,Forties.）的境界一樣。就是了要超越自我，挑戰自我潛能極限，更讓世人能觀賞到運動員在運動場上呈現出運動力與美的奮鬥表現。運動會是以競賽為中心，運動員為主角，在公平公正競爭的規則下，讓運動員從事各項比賽活動，使運動員能在整個競賽的環境助益之下，充分發揮本身所有潛能，創造個人佳績。然而，運動賽會的賽程時間管理是否能有完善的準備與規劃，以及其舉辦比賽過程的好壞，也都會影響到運動員的表現。這是身為教練、選手、裁判、體育人員與競賽相關人員不能輕易加以忽略的事。因此，本研究是針對九十年全國運動會游泳比賽過程中進行各項目事宜之時間紀錄，以瞭解整個比賽過程中的時間流向，用SAS 8.2 FOR WIN 統計軟體進行描述統計、t考驗及單因子變異數分析，發現：一、比賽過程中，各個階段的時間及其所佔時間的百分比率，以「檢錄階段」所用的時間為最多（74.93%），其次為「比賽階段」（21.59%），而以「頒獎階段」所需時間為最小（3.48%）；二、個人比賽項目中，賽次組別在「檢錄階段」與「比賽階段」時間上並無多大的差異；三、預賽與決賽在「各項賽次轉換時間」上有達顯著性差異；四、未列出各個比賽項目之時間表，賽次組別在「比賽前十五分鐘時間」之時間上有顯著差異。研究結果顯示，游泳競賽過程未明確列出各項競賽時間表，會影響選手提前至檢錄處等候檢錄。游泳比賽有必要列出各個項目競賽的時間表，甚至基於公平、公正的競賽原則，更應落實到預賽項目之各個組別。在未來全國性運動會之游泳比賽，可參照本研究所提供的各階段數據資料，做賽前完善的競賽時程之時間編配，改進整個運動賽會的賽程時間管理，使比賽能夠在既定的時間程序中進行，且提昇我國舉辦游泳競賽的水準。最終目的是能讓游泳選手在賽前做好準備，創造佳績。
關鍵字：比賽過程、賽次組別、各項目賽次轉換時間、比賽前十五分鐘。

關鍵字

比賽過程 ； 賽次組別 ； 各項目賽次轉換時間 ； 比賽前十五分鐘

並列摘要

An athlete is always trained with rigor of no end, day and night, with the purpose not only to better himself, challenge his own potentials and limits, but also to let the world admires the performance that the athlete works so hard to demonstrate on the playground by expressing a combination of dynamics and beauty. An athletic meeting is to focus on the contests with the athletes as the leading characters. Under the atmosphere of an open, fair and impartial competition, each athlete is engaged in each contest. Also with the help of the environment of the whole contest, he can fully develop and enhance all of his potentials, and create his own records. However, whether the time management of the contests in the athletic meeting is being prepared and planned completely and how well that the contests are held can also influence the performances of the athletes. So that is something that we as a coach, player, referee, sportsman and a competition-related personnel could not overlook with carelessness. Therefore, this study is to explore the time recording for each item related to the course of the swimming contest in 2001 National Athletic Meeting in order to understand the orientation of the time in the whole course of the contest. With SAS 8.2 FOR WIN, a software for statistics, to conduct descriptive statistics, t-test and single factor analysis of the variance, it is found that: First, during the course of the contest, in terms of the time for each stage and its percentage over all, the “examination stage” is of the most time (74.93%); then comes the “contest stage” (21.59%), the one of the little time is the “award-giving stage” (3.48%). Second, for items of the individual contest, there is not much difference between the “examination stage” and the “contest stage” in terms of the groups and runs. Third, as for the preliminary contests and the finals, some significant variances are found on the “time switching between runs”. Fourth, for the timetables that no items for each individual contest is listed, the time for “15 minutes before contest” is of significant differences in terms of groups and runs. According to the findings, it shows that should the timetable for each contest of the swimming contest course be not listed specifically, the players would have to go to the examination place in advance in order to wait for the results of the examination. Thus, a swimming contest is required of a timetable with each individual contest listed specifically, even which shall be applied to each group of the preliminary contest based on the competitive principles of being fair and impartial. The swimming contest of a national athletic meeting in the future can refer to each data provided by this study for a complete schedule of the whole course before the contest so that the competition can be conducted by the given time schedule. The final destination of this study is to make the swimming contestants be prepared before the contests in order to maximize their performances. Furthermore, it can then increase the standards of our ability to host a swimming contest and complete the quality of such competition.
Keywords: Contest course, group and run, time switching between runs, 15 minutes before the contest

並列關鍵字

contest course ； group and run ； time switching between runs ； 15 minutes before the contest

參考文獻

中西文參考資料來源

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