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  • 學位論文

台東高中職生對地方特產之認知--一個台東鄉土的研究

Local Cognition of Senior and Vocational High School Students in Taitung – A Research on Localism in Taitung

指導教授 : 潘朝陽
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摘要


本研究旨在瞭解「鄉土」落實在地表景觀上所反映的鄉土結構與鄉土經驗之間的互動關係,研究者經由文獻探討,在釐清相關鄉土概念內涵、台東產業特性之後,選擇以台東縣之農業發展為主軸,落實到地表景觀之地方特產為問題核心,透過問卷調查法以得知台東高中職生此一族群意向之鄉土產業景觀與看法以及不同背景的高中職生在鄉土認知和鄉土產業看法上的差異。 研究者採用自編之「鄉土認知及看法」測驗為研究工具,以台東縣高中職生一、三年級為抽樣樣本,共得有效樣本數930份,並運用描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關等方法實施樣本資料的統計分析,獲致的研究結果如下: 一、在鄉土產業之認知部分: (一)台東縣高中職生在鄉土產業認知問卷上的得分總平均分數是16.6分,答對比率為65.1﹪。以產業認知的各相關分類目來看,對「土地利用方式原因」此項最了解,但在「產業活動開發歷程—由清代至民國光復後時期」,則顯得認知稍嫌不夠。「產業活動開發歷程」此一分類目與「鄉土認知測驗總得分」之間為高度相關,其與「產業問題與發展策略」之間的相關亦達.568。 (二)不同就讀學校類別、年級、性別、族群、居住時間、遊歷區域數之高中職生,其在鄉土認知得分上有顯著差異。其中展現較高鄉土認知得分的背景變項類別分別是:就讀高中的學生;就讀年級為三年級;性別為女性;族群別為閩南人及客家人;居住時間在11年以上以及6∼10年之間;遊歷區域數達兩區以上的學生。 二、在鄉土景觀及特色、特產及選擇條件、經濟發展方向的看法方面: (一)台東縣高中職生在自己居家所在的鄉鎮市與台東縣中情感上較深刻的均是清新的空氣與自然美景,在人文特色方面,台東縣高中職生較重視狹義鄉土中的淳樸民風,濃厚的人情味與廣義鄉土的原住民文化。 (二)台東縣高中職生對於最能代表台東之特產前兩名依序是:釋迦及關山、池上米。並且覺得台東特產須具備的條件是:『本地獨有,其他縣市少見』、『地方政府大力推廣,知名度遠達其他縣市』、『栽種歷史悠久,具有文化傳承之意義』。 (三)台東縣高中職生認為要促進台東經濟發展,防止人口不斷外流的方法依序是:增加觀光與服務業的就業機會、多設立文教機構如大學、多開闢縣內與縣外之交通線。 三、不同背景變項對於鄉土景觀及特色、特產及選擇條件、經濟發展方向的看法之差異與否: (一)『不同就讀學校』與『居住時間』在最懷念的狹義鄉土景觀看法上是屬有顯著差異的背景變項。 (二)在引以為傲的台東鄉土特色之看法上達顯著差異的背景變項是:『就讀高中與高職』以及『居住在台東平原與台東山地鄉鎮之間』。 (三)對於最能代表台東特產之看法有顯著差異的背景變項是:族群(原住民與閩南人、外省人之間)與居住地區(A.台東海岸平原一帶與縱谷間;B.台東縱谷、山地鄉鎮與台東沿海鄉鎮間)。 (四)對於台東特產須具備的條件之看法有顯著差異的背景變項是:『就讀高中與高職』、『居住在台東縱谷與台東海岸平原一帶之間』。 (五)不同的背景變項對於要促進台東經濟發展,防止人口不斷外流的方法之看法並無呈現顯著差異。 最後根據研究結果,提出對研究區域在實施教學上以及後續研究的相關建議。

並列摘要


The research aims at understanding the interaction between “local structure and “local experience” reflected from the concept of “localism” on the ground landscape. By studying the concerning documents, clarifying the meaning of local concept and the features of the industry in Taitung, the researcher chose the industry development in Taitung as the axis and the presentation of the local products in this place as the crux of the problem. Through questionnaires, we know high school students’ preference for the local industry contents and a wide divergence of opinions on local cognition and local industry as a result of students’ different backgrounds. The research method is based on the self-edited questionnaire “Local Cognition and Perspective”. The main sampling is first and third graders in both senior and vocational high schools in Taitung County and the number of the effective sampling is 930. In order to conduct the accounting analysis of the sampling materials, the descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pierson product moment correlation are applied to this research at the same time. The results are as follow: I. Cognition on Local Industry 1. High school students in Taitung County had an average score of 16.6 on the questionnaires of the Local Industry Cognition. The percentage of getting correct answers is 65.1%. Among the concerned categorization of the industry cognition, “the cause of the land utilization” is the most highly-scored item. However, they seemed to have a vague idea about the developing history of the industry activities from the Ching Dynasty to the post-restoration in Taiwan. “The developing history of the industry activities” is highly-relevant to “the total score of the local cognition test”. Its relevance with “Industry problems and development strategies” is up to .568 as well. 2. The scores on “Local Cognition” show obvious discrepancy concerning different schools which the students attend, the grades they are in, sex, races, their residence time, and the number of the places they’ve been to. Among these categorized background items, senior high school students got the highest score on “Local Cognition.” Besides, their sex is female. The racial groups are Fukien people and Hakka people from south China. Their residence time is over 11 years and between 6 and 10 years. The places they’ve been are more than 2. II. In respect to the perspective on local cognition, features, local products, qualifications of the local products and the direction of the economic development: 1. When it came to the residence in towns and cities in Taitung, what emotionally impressed high school students most were fresh air and beautiful scenery. In human respect, however, they put much more emphasis on the simple and sincere tradition in their neighborhood and hospitality in the country and the aboriginal culture in Taitung. 2. As far as these students are concerned, two items that can most represent Taitung’s local products are Shir jia (custard apple) and Guanshan and Chershan rice in order. Besides, they thought that the qualifications of Taitung local products are “unique, rare in other counties”, “highly-promoted by the local government and well-known in other counties”, “long-cultivated in the history and possessing the meaning of cultural heritage.” 3. In high school students’ opinion, to promote the development of Taitung industry, and to prevent the constant outflow of population, first, the employment rate in tourism and service industry should be increase; next, more educational organizations should be set up. Finally, more roads connecting the outside and inside of Taitung county should be opened and extended. III. How perspectives on local scenery and features, local products and qualifications of the local products, and the direction of the economic development results in discrepancies, due to various background items. 1. Among these various background items, “different schools” and the residence time” shows the most obvious discrepancies with respect to the most unforgettable local scenery in their neighborhood. 2. These two various background items -- “attending senior high schools versus vocational high schools” and “ residing on Taitung Plains versus in towns of mountain areas in Taitung show obvious discrepancies concerning the perspectives on the proudest local features in Taitung. 3. The perspectives on what can most represent Taitung’s local products show obvious discrepancies concerning the following various background items – racial groups (aboriginal people, Fukien people from south China and people from other provinces in mainland China), and residence (A. Taitung coastal plains and valleys; B. Taitung valleys, towns in mountain areas and towns along Taitung coast.) 4. These two various background items –- “attending senior high schools versus vocational high schools” and “residing in Taitung Valley versus along the Taitung coastal plains” show obvious discrepancies concerning the perspectives on the qualifications which Taituing local products should possess. 5. Different background items result in no obvious discrepancy when it comes to promoting the economic development in Taitung and preventing the constant out flow of population. Finally, according to the results of the research, the researcher offered concerning suggestions for teaching and follow-up studying in the researched area.

參考文獻


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