成年前期手足關係之研究

Sibling Relationships in Early Adulthood

宋博鳳

指導教授 ： 林如萍

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究之目的為瞭解成年前期手足關係之特質，並進而分析影響手足關係之因素。研究方法採質化研究的取向，資料搜集的方式為半結構式的深度訪談。研究對象以「性別 ×出生序」之手足組合為立意依據，選取：兄弟、兄妹、姊弟、及姊妹等四對配對樣本，年齡介於25至35歲間，處於成年前期階段之男女。
研究發現此一時期的手足關係，包含：親密所引發的支持、自主所選擇的疏離與衝突因應以及忠誠與義務所衍生的互助三項特質。其中，親密所引發的支持，其親密性不僅是彼此的同理與陪伴，更因瞭解而有著懂得彼此的默契，也因此主動或被動地成為家人間溝通的橋樑，並透露出對於手足放不掉的掛心。而自主所選擇的疏離與衝突因應，個體伴隨著年齡的增長，相對地凸顯彼此在態度與行為上的差異，使得手足關係較為疏離；當雙方產生衝突時，則有著點到為止的自控意識。另就，忠誠與義務所衍生的互助，當個體在成年前期已有能力提供手足協助時，顯現在：雙方對彼此生活的關照（如：經濟方面的借貸、日常事務的幫助等）、為對方後盾的義氣以及自家人的暗扛。
影響成年前期手足關係之因素，主要可由個體與雙人關係、家庭經驗以及規範三個面向切入。就個體與雙人關係討論，包含：年齡、性別、個性、手足性別組合、出生序以及手足居住空間之距離等因素。論及家庭經驗，包含著早期共同成長的記憶、親子關係、家庭之非預期重大生命事件以及家庭事務的參與；並因著個體生殖家庭的組成，亦引發著手足關係的變化。而所謂規範層面的認知則相對地延伸個體對於手足關係意義的詮釋，其認知的基礎包括：生物面、生活面以及文化面（父子軸所延伸之重男輕女），往往在父母教養與手足相處的互動歷程中發酵。
透過八位受訪者的手足互動經驗，本研究對於成年前期的手足關係做一初探性的描繪，著重本土性的文化脈絡。研究結果凸顯，傳統文化價值規範依舊牽動著現今社會中成年人的手足關係。最後，則於研究討論提供未來手足相關議題的研究建議。

關鍵字

成年前期 ； 手足 ； 質化研究

並列摘要

One of the essential topics in human development is sibling relationships in early adulthood. It is hard to provide a clear picture regarding how early adults handle their sibling relationships because the relationships exist so naturally and what results from the relationships is easy to be ignored. The study revealed that early adulthood could be profiled through three dimensions and three possible factors that may influence the sibling relationship in early adulthood.
There were two main goals in this study, which were (1) to profile the characteristics of sibling relationships in early adulthood, and (2) to determine factors that affect early adulthood sibling relationships. In order to have the data truly represent the study population, early adults in Taiwan, the study was done using a qualitative design and using semi-structured interview methods to collect data. Eight adults, four sibling pairs (gender x order of birth), participated in this study and they were between 25 to 35 years old.
The study found that early adulthood relationships might be able to be profiled through the following three dimensions: (1) support and closeness, (2) disaffection and conflict handling, and (3) loyalty and obligation. Specifically, the support and closeness dimension includes emotional and psychological support, connection and communication channels between family members, and caring. The disaffection and conflict-handling dimension includes awareness, acceptability, and respect to individual differences, and flexibility under conflict situations. The loyalty and obligation dimension includes being loyal to family members as well as fulfilling obligations for the roles people play in their families.
Based on the study results, there were three factors that affected the sibling relationships in early adulthood. These three factors are: (1) individual and interpersonal relationships, (2) family experiences, and (3) norm and value preferences of the culture. The individual and interpersonal factor was generalized from the impact of age, sex differences, personality similarity, birth order, and geographic proximity. The family factor might influence early adulthood relationships due to family-of-origin experiences, which include different memories result from his/her family, parent-child relationships, family nonnormative life events, and family affairs. The family-of-procreation experiences (i.e., marriage, having child/children, divorce) also might influence sibling relationships in early adulthood. Based on the traditional Chinese patriarchic culture, most Chinese believe: Men are better than women. Because of this belief, the study found that the norm/value preferences of the culture could be a factor that would also affect relationships in early adulthood. In this factor, issues such as recognition on individual identity, sexual modeling, and responsibilities and expectations in different sibling roles, are essential.
The study is important because few studies have been done in this area. This study, in particular, provides an overview regarding the topic on sibling relationships in early adulthood as well as the issue on indigenous cognition. The results of the study may offer guidelines for future related studies on the same issue.

並列關鍵字

sibling relationships ； early adulthood ； qualitative study

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