休閒阻礙階層模式之驗證－以Crawford & Godbey之休閒阻礙三因子為例

The Empirical Test on A Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints-Take Crawford & Godbey's three categories of constraints on leisure for example

楊登雅(Teng-Ya Yang)

指導教授 ： 謝智謀

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/運動與休閒管理研究所/碩士(2002年)

摘要

Crawford & Godbey認為人們在本質上會想從事休閒，對休閒有某種程度的喜愛，但並不是每個人都會去實踐，研究發現，大學生的確有高的休閒參與動機，但卻有低的參與率，顯示人們參與休閒活動受到限制，而這些影響到活動限制或阻止的因素則稱為休閒阻礙。剛開始的研究詢問受試者不參與的因素為何，以及參與和非參與者的人口統計變項、社經地位等特徵。之後配合統計方法及學科的進步，從多個角度去闡釋阻礙人們參與休閒的機制，從分類到建構模式，從單一影響因素到整體觀點。本研究欲探討Crawford, Jackson, & Godbey (1991)根據Crawford & Godbey (1987)所提三類型休閒阻礙而建立的休閒阻礙階層模式，模式主張休閒阻礙包含三因素，個人性、人際性和結構性阻礙，個體從表現喜好到參與之間，依序受到這三類型阻礙的影響，這三者呈現重要性的階層關係。利用Raymore, Godbey, Crawford & Von Eye（1993）發展之休閒阻礙量表，以台灣北部大學院校學生484名為樣本，採用驗證性因素分析、z 考驗及二項式統計方法來考驗此模式之主張。結果1.休閒阻礙三因子模式表現不佳開放誤差相關後達良好適配度。2.研究不支持阻礙間的階層關係。

關鍵字

休閒阻礙 ； 階層模式

並列摘要

Crawford & Godbey consider that pursue leisure is human’s nature. People always have preferences on leisure. But not everyone would participate in. There were researches indicate that college students have high leisure motivation, but low participation. It shows people are constrained to take leisure activities by some reasons which called leisure constraints. The beginning researches focused on non-participations’ demographic and socio-economic variables were investigated. Later, the progress of statistics methods and academic sciences made the profound and comprehensive explanations to leisure constraints possible. For example, building models than classifying items interpret the conception of leisure constraints. This study examined the hierarchical model of leisure constraints proposed by Crawford, Jackson, & Godbey （1991）. The main conceptions of the hierarchical model were developed by Crawford & Godbey（1987）. The model proposed the possible existence of three distinct, hierarchically ordered types of constraints on leisure from preferences to participation, intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, and structural constraints. The instrument developed by Raymore, Godbey, Crawford & Von Eye（1993） will be used to measure the conceptions of constraints on leisure as they related to beginning a new leisure activity. The samples were consisted of 484 male and female undergraduates from 35 universities and colleges located in north Taiwan. The use of factor analysis, z tests, and binomial test examined the proposal of the hierarchical model. The results are as following: 1.The model of three categories of constraints on leisure are not accepted. 2. The leisure constraints’ hierarchical dependency isn’t supported.

並列關鍵字

leisure constraints ； hierarchical dependency

參考文獻

瞿學偉(民82)。中國人的臉面觀:有關其向度中的若干假設。本土心理學研究，2，338-348。

吳珩潔(民91)。大台北地區民眾休閒滿意度與幸福感之研究。國立台灣師範大學運動與休閒管理研究所未出版碩士論文。

賴家馨(民91)。休閒阻礙量表之編制-以台北市大學生為例。國立體育學院體育研究所未出版碩士論文。

簡耀輝、季力康、卓俊伶、洪聰敏、黃英哲、黃崇儒、廖主民、盧俊宏(民91)。競技運動與健身運動心理學( Robert S. W. & Daniel G. 原著)。台灣運動心理學會。

謝智謀(民88)。線性結構關係模式在體育測驗的運用。載於張志滿、王俊明編：體育測驗論文集。台北：中華民國體育學會測驗與評價研究委員會。