本研究主旨在瞭解民眾對愛滋病及保險套的態度、使用保險套行為意向及其相關影響因素,找出其願意每次均使用保險套的有效預測因子,提供相關訊息作為未來衛生教育介入及媒體宣導保險套預防愛滋病策略之參考。研究採質性訪談配合量性結果分析之設計,對象以現居住台灣地區、年齡20-39歲、具有上網能力之一般大眾為主。並立意取樣七名個案做質性訪談;另在臺北市政府衛生局、臺北市立性病防治所及杏陵醫學基金會之網站進行量性問卷資料收集,收案1,125份,有效問卷675份,所得資料進行統計分析結果如下: 一、整體而言民眾在愛滋病知識得分普遍偏高(但於質性訪談中發現,受訪者對愛滋病相關知識多是一知半解,如經深吻、口交或其他傳染途徑的感染、多重性伴侶的認知、發病及治療仍不甚瞭解)。 二、「有性經驗者」過去性行為「每次都使用」保險套者佔二至三成;僅近三成在「未來性行為時使用保險套之行為意向」中表示願意「每次都使用」保險套。 三、僅約一成民眾認為目前宣導保險套預防愛滋病的資訊已經足夠;其資訊來源主要管道為「電視宣導廣告」、「電視新聞」及「電腦網路」。 四、性別、婚姻、曾有過的性伴侶數、「使用保險套經驗」及「行動線索(資訊來源)」強度顯著影響民眾「對愛滋病及保險套的態度」。 五、年齡、職業、婚姻及曾有過的性伴侶數顯著影響民眾之「行動線索(資訊來源)」。 六、 過去性行為「使用保險套經驗」可有效預測「未來使用保險套之行為意向」(p<.oo1);扣除過去性行為「使用保險套經驗」變項後,健康信念模式可解釋「未來使用保險套之行為意向」28.9%的變異量;「性別」、「愛滋病之自覺嚴重性」、「使用保險套之障礙性」對「未來使用保險套之行為意向」之解釋力最大。 由研究結果得知,民眾過去性行為「每次都使用」保險套及「未來性行為時使用保險套之行為意向」中表示願意「每次都使用」保險套者均約佔二至三成,僅約一成民眾認為目前保險套預防愛滋病的資訊已經足夠,顯示在保險套預防愛滋病的教育宣導上未來仍有極大的努力空間。因此本研究建議政府相關衛生單位,針對不同族群以不同的宣導內涵進行教育介入,並善加應用大眾傳播媒體力量進行保險套預防愛滋病之衛生教育宣導,讓愛滋病防治教育的重要性根植民心,以便性行為時每次均使用保險套以遠離愛滋病威脅的目標更往前邁進一步。
This research mainly aims at understanding people's AIDS, condom attitude, behavioral intension of using the condom and relevant influence factors, and finding out the effective prediction factors that influence people liking to use the condom at each time, then offering relevant information for future healthy education intervention and media declaration about the condom usage to prevent AIDS. This study adopts the quality interview to match with the quantity as a result analytical research design, the research object inhabits the Taiwanese region, age 20-39 years old and have the ability of accessing Internet. According to the purposive sampling and obtains seven individual cases to receive the quality interview; Another, carrying on the quantity questionnaire data collections in the website of Department of Health Taipei City Government, CDC and Mercy Memorial Foundation, accept case 1,123, valid questionnaire 675, carry on income data to covariance and analyze the effect as follows: 1. Totally, the people have high score in AIDS knowledge. (but the results of quality interview showed interviewees always have vague AIDS knowledge, such as the AIDS contagious pathway through French kiss, oral intercourse or others, the definition of multiple sexual companion, onset of AIDS and treatment of AIDS. 2. The people with sexual experience 「using condom at each time」in the past sexual behavior are about twenty to thirty percent; nearly 30% showed the willing of 「using condom at each time」 in 「future behavioral intension of using condom during sexual behavior」. 3. Only about 10% people thought the amount of pubic media declaration about the condom usage to prevent AIDS is enough. The declaration information sources are 「TV declaration advertisement」,「TV news」and 「Internet」. 4. Sex, marital status, sexual companion counts,「past experience of using condom」 and 「Cues to action(Information Sources)」 obviously affect people’s 「attitude toward AIDS and condom」. 5. Age , job , marital status and past sexual companion counts obviously affect peoples’s 「Cues to action(Information Sources)」. 6. 「Past experience of using condom」in sexual hehavior can effectively predict 「Future behavioral intension of using condom」(p<0.01). If skipping the variant of 「Past experience of using condom」, the health believe model showed 0.289 R-Square for 「Future behavioral intension of using condom」;「Sex」,「perceived seriousness of the AIDS」,「perceived barrier to using condom」had much explanation for 「Future behavioral intension of using condom」. Learnt from the result of study, people 「using condom at each」in past sexual behavior and show the willing use each time ' sheath express willing of 「using condom at each time」 in 「future behavioral intension of using condom during sexual behavior」 are about twenty to thirty percent. Only about 10% people thought the amount of pubic media declaration about the condom usage to prevent AIDS is enough ,and it means there are still enormous diligent space in future for educational declaration about condom usage to prevent AIDS. This study suggests the healthy department of Government using educational interventions with different declaration content for different group of people, and utilizing the pubic media communication well to do the healthy educational declaration about condom usage to prevent AIDS. Let people knew the importance of AIDS prevention and used condom at each, and we can keep people far away from AIDS. Keyword: People, Cues to action(Information Sources), Experience of using condom, Future behavioral intension of using condom during sexual behavior.