遊客對關渡自然公園親蟹觀察區戶外解說牌成效之評估

Exploring the Effectiveness of Outdoor Interpretive Signs In Crab-Watching Area of Guan-Du Nature Park: A Summative Evaluation

江進富(Jing-fu Jiang)

指導教授 ： 周儒

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

關渡自然公園為台灣北部民眾休閒活動與濕地環境教育之重要場所，第一年入園人數即高達十五萬人次，然而許多民眾參觀關渡自然公園時，解說牌為其接受環境教育的唯一管道，因此解說牌的遊客使用狀況與解說效果值得進一步探索。本研究選定關渡自然公園主要設施區內新設親蟹觀察區的四面解說牌，透過觀察1,449位遊客以及40次遊客訪談，以瞭解這些解說牌的遊客使用狀況、解說牌的解說效果以及改進建議。其中，遊客的解說牌使用狀況主要區分為未受解說牌吸引、受到解說牌吸引但未深入觀看解說牌、深入觀看解說牌但中途放棄以及完成解說牌閱讀等四種使用狀況；解說效果方面則透過解說牌內容是否有趣、遊客的學習效果以及遊客是否產生預期行為等三方面加以討論。
在解說牌的遊客使用狀況方面，研究結果顯示，親蟹觀察區的四個解說牌之使用狀況，均有五成以上遊客未受解說牌的吸引，雖然受到解說牌的吸引但未能深入觀看解說牌的遊客（觀看時間僅1-3秒）則約佔兩成左右，雖深入觀看解說牌但中途放棄（觀看時間4-15秒）的遊客則約佔一成，完成解說牌閱讀（觀看時間超過15秒）的遊客，則僅佔約一成不到。統計深入觀看解說牌的遊客之觀看時間發現，其平均觀看時間均在15秒至20秒之間。分析遊客訪談結果可以發現，遊客的參觀動機、現場生物資源的出現、解說牌內容無法與現場環境資源對照、照顧孩童等因素，均會影響遊客的解說牌使用狀況。
在解說牌學習效果方面，「潮水所主宰的世界」可能缺乏視覺重心與視覺順序，遊客的學習效果多半僅與解說牌上某一區塊訊息有關，「濕地上的資源回收者」之遊客學習效果一致，顯示該解說牌具有統一的主旨，「看螃蟹，請蹲低」的遊客學習效果呈現兩個趨勢，一是記得看螃蟹時應蹲低，一是記得螃蟹介紹的文字，遊客無法同時記得這兩個內容，「親近螃蟹，親近濕地的學習效果」同樣呈現兩個主旨。
在解說牌內容是否有趣方面，遊客大都無法指出有趣的解說牌內容，少部分遊客認為介紹生物內容的解說牌、解說牌上的圖畫以及「看螃蟹、請蹲低」的動作有趣。在解說牌的行為效果方面，做出預期動作的遊客，僅佔受解說牌吸引遊客人數的7.1%，佔深入觀看解說人數中的12.3%。
依據研究結果，本研究針對關渡自然公園在未來戶外解說牌整體規劃部分，現有解說牌在內容設計、遊客使用狀況改進部分，以及後續研究等方面提出建議。

關鍵字

戶外解說牌 ； 解說效果 ； 評估

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the interpretive effectiveness of the four outdoor interpretive signs in the Crab-watching Area, and how they have been used by visitors in Guan-Du Nature Park. Researcher observed 1,449 visitors, and 40 interviews were conducted to gather data from visitors who come to Crab-watching Area.
On how the four outdoor interpretive signs have been used by visitors in the Crab-watching Area, over 50% of the visitors were not attracted by the signs. Approximately 20% of the visitors were attracted by the sign but didn’t read it (1 to 3 seconds). Approximately 10% of the visitors did read the sign but didn’t finish it (3 to 15 seconds), and only below 10% of the visitors read the sign and finish it (over 15 seconds). The average reading time of visitors who did read a sign was between 15 to 20 seconds. Research shows that visitors’ motivations, creatures in the nearby of the sign, can not compare the circumstance which signs illustrated with the context on the sign, and taking care of little children will affect the visitor’s use status of the sign.
On interpretive effectiveness of the signs, most visitors can not tell what they feel interested in the context of the sign. A few visitors indicated the pictures on the sign, context that introduce the creatures, and the motion of “ stay low to observe crabs” are interesting to them.
Second, on the learning of visitors, visitors’ response of “ Estuarine inter-tidal wetland” relate to some different section or block of the signs, this may be caused by the lack of focal point and visual flow. Visitors’ response of “ Recycler in wetland ” was in unanimity, so the sign has a unified theme. Visitors had two kinds of response of “ Stay low to observe crabs. ” Some visitors only remembered “ stay low to observe crabs ”, and some visitors only remembered the introduction of the crabs partially. This result shows the sign has two themes, which decrease the learning effect. “Walk into the wetland, close to the crabs” have two themes, too.
Third, on the expected behavior of visitors, only 7.1% visitor of all visitors were attracted by the sign showed the expected behavior, and only 12.3% visitor of all visitors who did read the sign showed the expected behavior.
Finally, the researcher makes recommendations for the future planning of overall outdoor interpretive signs. Improvement suggestions for four interpretive signs in Crab-watching Area, and recommendations for following research were also made.

並列關鍵字

outdoor interpretive signs ； interpretive effectiveness ； evaluation

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