美國大學圖書館徵才需求分析之研究

A Content Analysis of U.S. Libraries’Job Requirements

陳瓊后

指導教授 ： 陳昭珍

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/圖書資訊學研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究之研究目的是希望能探討大學圖書館之職務類型是否會隨時間演化而有所差異？大學圖書館的雇主對其圖書館主管及館員有什麼資格要求？及探討數位時代大學圖書館員應具備的專業知識與技能。本研究針對1997年至2006年間「Library Journal」所刊登的徵才廣告中關於大學圖書館職務類型及工作資格需求做內容分析。
由研究之分析結果獲知大學圖書館因為面臨數位環境的衝擊而產生新的職務，例如教育訓練館員、遠距教學服務館員、資訊素質教育館員、數位館藏與服務館員等等。因為重視讀者服務和使用者資訊需求而發展出學科館員制度，更因為經費及多元性的因素導致複合類職務的興起，大學圖書館員可以說正朝向全才的方向發展。另外根據分析結果得知大學圖書館主管之資格要求為：MLS-ALA學位是最基本的教育要求、對於相關工作經驗的需求越來越少，最注重管理經驗、對專業知識的要求並不高，比較偏重資源應用、必須具備基礎電腦能力、注重領導能力、鼓勵同仁進修，認可終身學習的意義、擁有溝通能力、良好的人際關係、有願景、及適應變動、多元的環境，大學圖書館希望尋找一個能為圖書館重新定位、發展新方向的管理者。而對其ㄧ般館員之資格需求為：MLS-ALA也是最基本的教育要求，但是學科館員通常會被要求要有第二學科背景、讀者服務類和資訊系統/網路管理類對科技能力的需求高於圖書館專業知識、讀者服務館員必須具備合約的識讀能力和瞭解智慧財產權，隨著外在環境的改變，更加重視與讀者的互動，溝通能力、人際關係技巧已成為大學圖書館員不可或缺的能力。最後分別從「學歷與工作經驗」、「專業能力」、「管理能力」、「其他能力」四大層面來說明大學圖書館員所需具備的專業能力要項，並根據研究分析結果與研究過程中所引發的思考，對圖書資訊學正式課程、繼續教育課程與後續研究者發展相關研究方向提出建議。

關鍵字

大學圖書館 ； 徵才廣告 ； 核心能力 ； 專業能力

並列摘要

The goals of this research are to study: (1) If the position type of university libraries will be different with time evolution? (2)What qualifications of director’s position and librarians are required by employers of university libraries? (3)What professional knowledge and skills should a university librarian possess in the digital age? This research use the content analysis method to probe into the requirement in position types and job qualification of university libraries by collecting job advertisements in Library Journal from 1997 to 2006.
From the outcome of analysis, we acquired that new duties come into existence due to confront the shock of digital circumstance in university libraries, for example, information and education services librarian, distance education librarian, information literacy librarian, digital collections and services librarian, and so on. Because of placing great importance on users service and users’information needs, university libraries develop subject specialists system. Furthermore, because of the factors of budget and diversity, they lead to spring up on mixed duties. Unversity librarians are going toward the all-around development thank to above. In the other hand, according to analysis outcome, we acquired the job requirements of library director are listed below.1. the MLS-ALA degree is the type of degree required 2.The need of requirements of related job experience becomes less, 3.Place the greatest importance on experience of management 4.Place normal importance on Professional knowledge. 5.Prefer to application of resources. 6.Have basic computer ability. 7. Emphasize the ability of leadership. 8.Encourage librarians to to pursue further education. 9.Recognize the meaning of life-long learning. 10.Have the ability of communication, 11.Have a good interpersonal relationship. 12.Have visions. 13.Adapt to uncertain and plural environment. The university library hope to seek a director who can re-position and develop a new orientation for the library. And the job requirements of librarian are listed below. 1. The MLS-ALA degree is also the type of degree required, but subject specialists are usually asked to have second subject background, 2.The need of technology ability on user service, information system and network management is higher than library professional knowledge. 2.The librarians of user service must have the contract literacy and the understanding of intellectual property rights .With the change of external environment, pay more attention on the interaction to the readers. 3. Communication capability and skill of interpersonal relationship are indispensable to university librarians. At last, we illustrate the items of specialized capability which university librarians should have respectively from four dimensions: education & job experience , professional competency, management competency , and other competencies. And then, we put forward some suggestions on library and information science, continuing education curriculum, and research interests of the following researcher according to the outcome of our analysis and refection during research process.

並列關鍵字

University Library ； Job Advertisements ； Core Competencies ； Professional Competencies

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