基督徒受暴女性接受心理諮商與靈性處遇之創傷修復經驗敘說研究

A Narrative Study of Trauma Recovering Experience of Christian　Female Survivors of Violence after　Receiving Counseling and　Spiritual Treatment

廖美淑(Liao Mei-Shu)

指導教授 ： 陳秉華

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.DEPC.008.2019.F02

摘要

本研究目的為探討基督徒受暴女性在接受心理諮商和靈性處遇的創傷修復經驗。研究方法採質性研究之敘說研究，以半結構的個別訪談進行資料收集，邀請三位過去生命中有過受暴或性侵害創傷經驗的女性為研究參與者，敘說她們的創傷及透過心理諮商及基督宗教的靈性方法獲得創傷修復的經驗。研究者採用敘說研究法之「整體-內容」的觀點來進行資料分析。研究結果發現：一、靈性/信仰生活正向影響創傷修復的經驗，包含（一）靈性/信仰提供修復性的關係（二）多元開放的信仰環境有助以正向靈性因應方式來因應靈性掙扎（三）靈性/信仰作為重建生活和預防復發的資源。其中靈性/信仰提供修復性的關係，包含1.教會提供支持性的人際關係2.被神全然接納和關愛的靈性關係與經驗；多元開放的信仰環境有助以正向靈性因應方式來因應靈性掙扎，包含1.受暴創傷可能引發靈性掙扎2.採取傳統父權思維的聖經詮釋易造成靈性掙扎3.友善多元的信仰環境有助正向因應靈性掙扎；靈性/信仰作為重建生活和預防復發的資源，包含1.教會作為重建生活的安全實驗場所2.學習運用正向靈性因應處理生活問題和預防復發。二、受暴倖存女性接受心理諮商與靈性處遇影響創傷修復的經驗，包含（一）諮商提供安全感的環境和關係（二）從敘說創傷經驗重建自我（三）朝向自主重建生活聯繫。其中諮商提供安全感的環境和關係，包含1.建立以人為本的諮商關係具療效性2.維持穩定諮商架構具功能上和心理上的意義（提供受創者安全和穩定自我的功能、提供倖存者專屬個人的有意義心理空間）3.諮商中納入靈性有助強化諮商同盟關係（運用靈性觀詮釋諮商關係加強聯結性、選擇具相同宗教背景的諮商師幫助聯結信仰）；從敘說創傷經驗中重建自我的歷程，包括1.重新建構自我認知和情感能力（透過回顧哀悼創傷經驗重建自我認知能力、從談論生活議題中提升自我覺察和感知能力、透過回顧創傷經驗與內在情感聯結進行哀悼）2.諮商中運用靈性處遇有助諮商進展（藉由與神聯結或談論信仰生活有助自我覺察和反思、運用靈性處遇具移轉與外化痛苦、恢復正向自我認同和產生心理位移的功能）3.透過諮商檢視信仰的影響並採取正向靈性因應來因應靈性掙扎；朝向自主重建生活聯繫，包括1.重新找回自己作自己的主人2.經歷來回修復整合的過程重新建構自我3.透過諮商和信仰生活合力重新建構自我。三、受暴倖存女性在接受心理諮商與靈性處遇的創傷修復改變經驗，分成（一）自我從內在統整走向外在真實世界（二）生命從僵化到流動-超越過去邁向未來二個面向。自我從內在統整走向外在真實世界，包括1.從自我內在核心向外界擴展2.朝向發揮個人潛能；而生命從僵化到流動-超越過去邁向未來，包括1.賦予創傷意義整合過去生命2.創傷後的靈性成長和盼望3.浴火鳯凰-從被助者成為助人者。最後，研究者根據研究結果進行討論，提出研究限制並針對未來研究、心理諮商實務工作、教會給予相關建議。

關鍵字

基督宗教 ； 心理諮商 ； 靈性處遇 ； 受暴女性

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to discuss Christian violent survivor’s experiences receiving counseling and spiritual treatment after psychological trauma. The study design of this thesis is self-narrative inquiry, a form of qualitative research. The researcher invited three interviewees who experienced physical violence or sexual assault and used semi-structure interview to collect information. The main message the author collected was interviewees’ experiences recovering from psychological trauma after receiving counseling and Christian spiritual treatment. Holistic content analysis was adopted by the author to analyze the data, and the result found as following:1. Spiritual/ belief life affects survivors in positive way. The effectiveness includes restorative relationship in the belief; beliefs with considerate character also help survivors coping with spiritual struggle with positive way. Spiritual/ belief also supply resources to reconstruction of life and preventing relapse as well. The restorative relationship that spiritual/ belief provides including supportive interpersonal relationship from churches and totally accepting and treasuring by God. Inclusive belief helps the survivors to cope inner spiritual struggle with positive way. The inner struggle includes spiritual conflicts triggered by violence trauma and interpreting the Bible in Patriarchal approach. Friendly and inclusive religion environment helps survivors to cope with spiritual struggle in healthy way. As a resource to prevent relapsing, belief/ religion is also a resource to reconstruct the survivors’ life. 2. Recovering experiences from female survivors who received psychological therapy or spiritual treatment include secure environment and interpersonal relationship, restoration from narrative, getting back independent life. Psychological counseling provides secure environment and interpersonal relationship. The humanism counseling relationship has curative effect; it helps maintain counseling framework and providing psychological meaning. Furthermore, the therapist introduces spirits into counseling helps getting stronger alliance with clients. The process of restoration from narrative includes ability of reconstruction of self-awareness and one’s emotional ability. Applying spiritual treatment in counseling provides a better progress during the counseling; also it help to reflect one’s belief through counseling and coping spiritual suffering in positive way. The whole process helps survivors getting reconnection to one’s life, finding one’s own right, experiencing reconstruction back and forth, and finally getting reconstruction through one’s belief and psychological counseling. 3. The transformation of female violent survivors who had received psychological counseling and spiritual treatment can be divided into two aspects. The first aspect is that the survivors go from inner self integration to the reality, their life goes from stagnation to active; the second aspect is that overcoming one’s psychological trauma and coping with the future. In the first aspect, the survivors go from self-integration to reaching the reality. The second aspect is that they getting their lives from stagnation to activation, over the past to the future. “Going from self-integration to reaching the reality” means reaching self-actualization from core self and demonstrating one’s potential. “Getting life from stagnation to activation” includes giving meanings of the psychological trauma, spiritual growth and getting expectation after traumatic experience. In the other words, the survivors are like phoenix from the flame, they became a recipient to a helper. Finally, the researcher proposed discussion and limitation of this study and provided suggestions to further study, psychological counseling work, and churches.

並列關鍵字

Christianity ； Psychological counseling ； Spiritual treatment ； Violent surviving female

參考文獻

王秀美、范幸玲（2015）：一位家暴受虐兒復原力的人格特質與自覺的諮商效益。中華輔導與諮商學報，43，61-94。

王奕婷（2017）：性侵害創傷復原之教牧關顧研究。長榮大學神學研究所碩士論文。

王敬弘（1993）：心靈的治癒。台北：光啟。

王詩雲（2009）：基督教信仰的人神關係對心理治療復原力的啟發。諮商與輔導， 286，19-21。

王瑩蓁（2015）：諮商心理師與童年性侵害倖存女性的諮商關係經驗之探討。國立東華大學諮商與臨床心理學研究所碩士論文。