封鎖下的運補：金門人員物資的管制（1949-1979）

金門受限於自然環境，土地貧瘠，藉由種植旱作、漁業、養殖石蚵，及與廈門等周遭地區的貿易往來，以滿足金門居民日常所需。1949年國軍部隊移防金門，隨即爆發「古寧頭戰役」，在緊張的情勢中，金門與鄰近地區的交流中斷，而島上人口激增，糧食與防禦建材等需求增加。除了物資供不應求，甚至出現官兵強搶居民家中飼養的家禽、門板等行為，在此混亂的局勢下，居民囤積物資，造成物價上漲，使得軍民人心浮動，地方治安惡化。因金門軍事的重要性，軍方實施軍事管制，掌控金門的政治、經濟、交通、社會等各個層面，確保其可有效且穩固地掌握金門秩序。金門對外交通仰賴海運運輸，為滿足金門軍事需求，並穩定民生物資供應及價格問題，國軍透過海軍艦艇運補，將部隊、軍用物資以及糧食、燃料等民生物資從臺灣運至金門，維持前線作戰能量，並使金門經濟得以穩定發展。在封閉的金門戰地前線中，軍事運補帶動了金門──臺灣兩地之間的人員、物資雙向流動，為有效率且精確地掌握金門的狀況及資源，軍方透過制度化的體制對人員、物資流動，進行嚴密的管控。 1958年「八二三砲戰」爆發，金門海上交通因解放軍攻擊而受到封鎖，軍方為供應官兵與居民足夠物資，藉由緊急運補計畫，運送足夠的糧食、武器裝備、燃料等物資至金門。同時配合金門民防隊的動員，民間船隻租用，作為金門運補的輔助，強化運補能量。現今關於國軍在金門的運補情形，已有不少研究進行討論。本文除討論軍方的運作外，也關注金門民防隊及民間運補船隻，在金門運補任務中扮演何種角色，一窺金門軍事運補的全貌。同時以軍事運補為起點，進一步探討金門長達數十年的人員、物資等管制措施，對金門社會及居民的影響。

關鍵字

軍事運補；運補計畫；動員；軍事管制；戰地政務；物資供應處

並列摘要

Limited by scarce natural resources and barren lands, the residents in Quemoy have been relying on dry farming, fishery, rock oysters (石蚵) harvesting, and trading with surrounding areas like Amoy as methods to meet the daily needs. The Battle of Guningtou (古寧頭戰役) broke out soon after ROC military forces moved to Quemoy in 1949. The communication of Quemoy and its surrounding areas was disrupted under this intensified situation. Along with the drastically increased population on the island, the demand for the provision and the construction materials of defensive structures also expanded. Soldiers in Quemoy started to rob fowls and door panels from local people's houses due to the shortage of supplies. Therefore, people started hoarding food and groceries, leading to the risen of commodity prices. The community was agitated, and public security worsens. Due to the military significance of Quemoy, ROC troops established military control of politics, economy, transportation, and social aspects of the island. They ensured that they could effectively secure the social order. The foreign communication of Quemoy heavily relied on maritime transportation. To satisfy the military demands and stabilize the price of supplies, ROC troops were shipping provisions, fuel, troops, and military supplies from Taiwan to Quemoy through naval vessels to maintain the energy for frontline combats. The strategy contributed to the stabled development of Quemoy's economy. On the closed frontline of Quemoy's battlefield, the military resupply between Taiwan and Quemoy secured the communication of supplies and personnel. To effectively and precisely monitor Quemoy's current status and resources, the troops were able to control the transportation of military personnel and supplies through a set of a complete system. In 1958, the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis broke out. Quemoy's maritime transportation was disrupted and blocked by the PLA. To meet the demands of soldiers and residents in Quemoy, The ROC troops initiated an emergency transportation plan to ship an adequate amount of provisions, weapons, equipment, fuel, and other supplies from Taiwan to Quemoy. The mobilized Quemoy Civil Defense Team (金門民防隊) had also cooperated with the troops, renting out civilian boats as enhancement and supporters in the whole supply strategy. Currently, there are plenty of research results on how ROC military forces operated resupply in Quemoy. In addition to the discussion of the military operation in Quemoy, this thesis will also be focusing on the role of the Civil Defense Team and civilian boats in the supply mission in Quemoy, getting a glimpse of the whole picture of Quemoy's supply strategy. The thesis will start from the military resupply plans and further focus on the control system of personnel and supplies in Quemoy that continued for decades, discuss its influence in Quemoy's local society.