幼兒睡眠、負向情緒和社會行為的關聯

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒睡眠、負向情緒和社會行為的關聯，也探究幼兒性別、年齡、家庭社經地位不同，幼兒睡眠、負向情緒與社會行為的差異。本研究以 352 為滿三歲至滿五歲的幼兒為研究對象，這些受試者來自臺北市大安區、文山區、士林區共 6 所公立和非營利幼兒園。研究工具包括幼兒個人資料表、幼兒睡眠品質量表、幼兒行為量表極短版—負向情緒分量表和學前社會行為量表— 教師版。調查所得資料以 SPSS23.0 統計軟體之描述統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、階層迴歸等方式進行資料分析。本研究主要發現如下: 一、三歲的受試幼兒夜尿問題叫四歲和五歲受試幼兒多。二、三歲的受試幼兒比四歲受試的幼兒較易出現恐懼的情緒。三、高家庭社經的受試幼兒比低家庭社經的受試幼兒情緒的沮喪回復度/易被安撫度高。四、女生比男生有更多的正向社會行為、自我控制能力、交友技巧和自我表現能力多的幼兒更容易出現負向情緒。五、男生比女生更容易出現負向社會行為和外顯攻擊行為。六、四歲和五歲的受試幼兒比三歲的受試幼兒有更多的正向社會行為。七、高家庭社經的受試幼兒較少出現負向社會行為、關係攻擊和外顯攻擊行為。八、受試幼兒的睡眠困擾與負向情緒存在顯著正相關。九、夜尿多的受試幼兒表現出的正向社會行為較少。十、受試幼兒睡眠時間越長越容易出現外顯攻擊行為。十一、受試幼兒「沮喪回復度/易被安撫度」與受試幼兒正向社會行為存在相關。

關鍵字

幼兒；睡眠；情緒；社會行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the correlation between infant sleep, negative emotion and social behavior, and to explore the differences in infant sleep, negative emotion and social behavior due to differences in infant gender, age and family socioeconomic status. In this study, 352 children aged from 3 to 5 years old were selected as subjects from 6 public and non-profit kindergartens in Tai 'an District, Wenshan District and Shihlin District of Taipei city. The research tools include infant personal data sheet, infant sleep quality scale, very short version of infant behavior Scale - negative emotion subscale and preschool Social behavior scale - teacher version. The data were analyzed by SPSS23.0 descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, ANOVA, Pearson product-difference correlation, and hierarchical regression. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1. The problem of nocturnal urine was more common in three-year-old children than in four-year-old and five-year-old children. 2. Three-year-old children were more likely to have fear than four-year- old children. 3. The children of high socio-economic families had higher falling reactivity and soothability than those of low socio-economic families. 4. Compared with boys, girls with more positive social behaviors, self- control ability, making friends skills and self-expression ability are more likely to have negative emotions. 5. Male students are more likely to have negative social behavior andovert aggression than female students. 6. Four - and five-year-old children exhibited more positive social behaviors than three-year-old children. 7. The children with high socioeconomic status showed less negative social behavior, relational aggression and overt aggression. 8. There was a significant positive correlation between sleep disturbance and negative emotions. 9. The children with more nocturnal urine showed less positive social behavior. 10. The longer the sleeping time of the children, the more likely they are to show explicit aggression. 11. There is a correlation between the "falling reactivity and soothability" and the positive social behavior of the tested children.