在實務上,因為成本因素的考量,海運承攬業者會將一些小訂單的貨物量集結為一運送的規模經濟量才將其運出,此即為出貨合併的概念。而在出貨合併下,目前有兩種比較廣為運用的配送模式:(1)以時間為基礎的配送政策(Time-Based Dispatch Policy)、(2)以數量為基礎的配送政策(Quantity-Based Dispatch Policy)。 現今海運的實務中,海運業者將貨物運送到目的港後,通常會依海運承攬業者要求將貨櫃運至海運承攬業者自有或承租倉庫處理與儲放,海運承攬業者可在這個倉庫中進行拆櫃分貨。然而此海運暫存倉庫主要目的只是提供給貨主作暫存之用,並非長期擺放,因此倉庫的計價方式為隨時間而遞增的計價方式。然而,近幾年國際油價不斷的攀升,配送成本的控制對許多出口製造商來說成為的一大課題,因為配送成本影響其營運成本甚巨。本篇研究將以現有兩種廣為運用的配送模式與在加入運用海運承攬業者之倉庫考量下所建立之配送模式,探討在不同情況下配送模式之總成本變化。 本研究考慮年需求量與運費變化來探討在這兩個因素變動下,對於各個配送模式的總成本變化之影響,並藉由分析各個配送模式的總成本變化來建議出口製造商在面臨不同的年需求量與日與劇增的海運運費下,應如何選擇使整個配送過程之總成本最小的配送策略。 關鍵字:出貨合併、配送策略、變動持有成本
Practically, freight forwarders transport goods while manufacturer consolidate small orders until a large dispatch quantity reached. This practice is known as temporal shipment/load consolidation. Two different types of temporal shipment consolidation routines are popular in transportation applications. These are (1) Time-Based Dispatch Policy, and (2) Quantity-Based Dispatch Policy. In maritime transport practice, Shippers transport the goods to the destination port and deliver containers to Forwarders’ warehouse (storage-in-transit, SIT) according to Forwarders’ require. Forwarders dismantle containers and distribute the goods from SIT. In other words, SIT serves as a temporary warehouse for goods. The expense of goods storage in the SIT is time-increasing. Dispatching cost has been a major concern for many manufacturers since the freight fee increase recently. This study discusses the total cost variation due to different dispatch models. Besides the temporal (time-based) and consolidate (quantity-based) dispatch models, a hybrid model includes SIT are established and compared in terms of demand and freight fee variations. Suggestions are given for manufacturers to choose among dispatching policies for lower cost. Keywords: Freight Consolidation;Dispatch Strategy;Variable Holding Cost
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