建成環境對兒童休閒旅次之影響 ─台北市士林區國小兒童之實證研究

The Influences of Built Environment on Children's Leisure Trip: Empirical Study of Elementary School Students in Taipei Shihlin District

游紫朋(Yu,Tzu-pen)

指導教授 ： 林楨家

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

There are many factors influencing children’s travel behaviors. Built environment shaped by urban planning is one of the essential factors. The previous studies mostly explored children’s school travel and ignored leisure travel, which is also important to a child’s health development. Therefore, this research aimed at investigating the effects of built environment on children’s leisure travel. Since leisure travel presents broad characteristics, this research focused on trip generation and modal split for encouraging leisure activities and use of non-motorized and transit modes.
In order to explore the built environment effects on children’s leisure travel, this research employed survey and regression approaches to analyze the relationships between built environment characteristics and leisure trip generation and modal split. Firstly, I reviewed literatures of the related topics and proposed the research hypotheses. Secondly, the sample data was obtained through questionnaire survey on the students of three elementary schools - Yangmingshan, Sanyu and Shilin, in Taipei Shilin District. Thirdly, the obtained observations were analyzed by relation analysis, negative binomial regression model and multinomial logit model to examine the hypotheses. Finally, based on the empirical results, urban planning strategies were recommended to encourage children’s leisure activities and use of non-motorized and transit modes.
This research reached the following empirical results: (1) Raising employment density increases scheduled leisure trip generation on weekdays; (2) Increasing intersection density, decreasing vehicle density and decreasing satisfaction of sidewalks positively affect unscheduled leisure trip generation on weekdays; (3) Increasing vehicle density, increasing satisfaction of walkway space, decreasing intersection density, decreasing satisfaction of transit and decreasing land-use mix degree positively affect unscheduled leisure trip generation on weekends; (4) increasing distance to recreational space increases unscheduled leisure trip generation; (5) increasing satisfaction of recreational space increases unscheduled leisure trip generation; and, (6) intersection density, distances to recreational space, satisfaction of walkway space, satisfaction of sidewalk width, mixed land use, employment density and building density are all positive associated with use of non-motorized and transit modes. According to the empirical conclusions and goals of encouraging leisure trip generation and using non-motorized and transit modes, this research suggests the following strategies for urban planning agency: (1) designing reasonable small blocks with traffic calming devices in residential areas to reduce travel distances and vehicle density; (2) moderately increasing permitted land uses and raising the upper limit of regulated floor space in residential areas; and, (3) supplying sufficient recreational spaces for children and connecting the spaces by excellent walkway systems.

關鍵字

建成環境、兒童、休閒旅次、負二項迴歸模型、多項羅吉特模型

並列摘要

There are many factors influencing children’s travel behaviors. Built environment shaped by urban planning is one of the essential factors. The previous studies mostly explored children’s school travel and ignored leisure travel, which is also important to a child’s health development. Therefore, this research aimed at investigating the effects of built environment on children’s leisure travel. Since leisure travel presents broad characteristics, this research focused on trip generation and modal split for encouraging leisure activities and use of non-motorized and transit modes.
In order to explore the built environment effects on children’s leisure travel, this research employed survey and regression approaches to analyze the relationships between built environment characteristics and leisure trip generation and modal split. Firstly, I reviewed literatures of the related topics and proposed the research hypotheses. Secondly, the sample data was obtained through questionnaire survey on the students of three elementary schools - Yangmingshan, Sanyu and Shilin, in Taipei Shilin District. Thirdly, the obtained observations were analyzed by relation analysis, negative binomial regression model and multinomial logit model to examine the hypotheses. Finally, based on the empirical results, urban planning strategies were recommended to encourage children’s leisure activities and use of non-motorized and transit modes.
This research reached the following empirical results: (1) Raising employment density increases scheduled leisure trip generation on weekdays; (2) Increasing intersection density, decreasing vehicle density and decreasing satisfaction of sidewalks positively affect unscheduled leisure trip generation on weekdays; (3) Increasing vehicle density, increasing satisfaction of walkway space, decreasing intersection density, decreasing satisfaction of transit and decreasing land-use mix degree positively affect unscheduled leisure trip generation on weekends; (4) increasing distance to recreational space increases unscheduled leisure trip generation; (5) increasing satisfaction of recreational space increases unscheduled leisure trip generation; and, (6) intersection density, distances to recreational space, satisfaction of walkway space, satisfaction of sidewalk width, mixed land use, employment density and building density are all positive associated with use of non-motorized and transit modes. According to the empirical conclusions and goals of encouraging leisure trip generation and using non-motorized and transit modes, this research suggests the following strategies for urban planning agency: (1) designing reasonable small blocks with traffic calming devices in residential areas to reduce travel distances and vehicle density; (2) moderately increasing permitted land uses and raising the upper limit of regulated floor space in residential areas; and, (3) supplying sufficient recreational spaces for children and connecting the spaces by excellent walkway systems.

並列關鍵字

Built environment, Child, Leisure trip, Negative binomial regression model , Multinomial logit model

參考文獻

1. 李晶，2006，「影響兒童休閒活動參與之因素探討」，台灣教育，第六百四十二期，第43至47頁。

6. 薛銘卿，1996，「台北市國小學童休閒活動興趣取向、參與狀況及影響因素之相關研究」，北體學報，第五期，第189至200頁。

1. Copperman, R.B. and Bhat, C.R., 2007, An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation, Transportation, 34:67-87.

3. Fitzgerald, M., Joseph, A.P., Hayes, M and O’Regan, M, 1995, Leisure activities of adolescent schoolchildren, Journal of Adolescence, 18: 349-358.

4. Johansson, M., 2006, Environment and parental factors as determinants of mode for children’s leisure travel, Journal of Environment Psychology, 26: 156-169.