刑事被告羈押痛苦之研究

A Study on The Pains of Detainees

林爰均(Yuan- Chun Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃蘭媖

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本國獄政組織中，看守所附設分監收容監獄受刑人，羈押法第38條規定準用監獄行刑法大部分條文，致使看守所中所羈押被告處遇與受刑人幾乎相同，但國內外文獻卻極少提及羈押被告的監禁痛苦感受。有感於羈押被告與受刑人身分不同，卻提早適應監禁生活，本研究依據美國學者Sykes(1958)所描述的監禁痛苦為架構，探索男性收容人在羈押時感受到的自主性、安全感、物質及服務、異性與人際關係、訴訟及名譽與尊嚴等剝奪與痛苦。本研究訪談了6名北部某看守所男性再犯羈押中被告，有以下發現：
一、受訪者整體痛苦感受強度，不如預期。因羈押被告進入看守所首先擔心面對其他收容人，而當其與同房被告間產生同是天涯淪落人之感受後，敵意降低。在日常飲食和人際關係方面，除禁見被告外，依規定每天可接見親友一次，並由接見窗口送入飲食物品。若親友殷勤接見的話，親情與友情的交流管道不斷絕，可撫慰被告並減低焦慮及無助感。又因受訪者均為男性，有羈押被告以當兵生活來形容羈押生活，覺得跟當兵差不多。
二、受訪者大多表示羈押狀態並不會影響訴訟，主要原因為在外面社會能做的努力與被羈押的現在差不多。有些受訪者還提到在舍房中仍可研究法條或與其他被告互相研究案情。少部分受訪者擔憂羈押狀態無法處理和解事宜，可能會影響檢察官的起訴和求刑。
三、雖然每個人痛苦強度感受不同，但羈押整體痛苦感受變化，隨時間逐漸降低。大多以剛入所第一天痛苦感受最高，隨著時間而逐漸降低趨緩，但痛苦感受不會消失。幾乎所有受訪被告關心之重點為如何能在最短時間出所，抱持著能很快被釋放的期待，使得其它剝奪的痛苦感受都能暫時忍受。
綜上，本研究認為應從制度面和實務面探討我國羈押制度面臨的問題：
一、制度面：為維護被告人權，應鼓勵學術界及實務界研究各國羈押制度之轉變和世界潮流，比較國內外羈押現況，並思考如何兼顧被告人權、社會秩序之維護、和司法程序順利進行。
二、實務面：為降低羈押被告的不確定感，可從豐富看守所新收被告入所講習內容著手，並在管理上加強關注被告切身需求及引入社會資源。

關鍵字

羈押 ； 痛苦 ； 被告 ； 剝奪

並列摘要

The organization of the prison administration in Taiwan affiliates the detention center with the sub prison to house prison inmates. According to article 38 of Detention Act, the detention center may apply most of the provisions of corporal punishment to all inmates, including the prisoners and the detained offenders and both can be treated almost the same way. Literature rarely brought up the painful feelings of the detained offenders whose identities should be different from the prisoners and who in the worst case might be prosecuted before they were declared guilty. The theme of this study is based on the famous article by Sykes(1958) discussing pains suffered by the detained male defendants. Detention intrudes their sense of autonomy, security, material and services, heterosexual relationships, litigation, reputation, dignity, deprivation and suffering. In order to explore the painful feelings of domestic detainees, I interviewed six male inmates in custody at a detention center in the northern region and drawn the following findings:
First, the overall intensity of painful feelings from these respondents was not as strong as expected. Upon entering the detention center, the first concern of the defendant in custody was the fear of threat from other inmates. After interacted with other inmates and found out they have experienced similar situations, they empathized and reduced level of hostility with each other. For the daily diet and personal relationships, except for the inmates under visit ban, the detained defendant can meet up with relatives or friends once a day and receive provisions through the gateway window. If the visits from relatives or friends are frequent, they will soothe the inmates and reduce the anxiety and sense of helplessness. Since all respondents were male, they have related the custody life as to their required military service and could somewhat comfort themselves.
Second, most respondents didn’t consider that the custody status would affect their litigation proceedings, mainly because they did not see that they could have done more outside of the detention center. Some respondents also mentioned that they found it helpful to study law cases with other inmates and exchange lawsuit experience through discussion. Only a small number of respondents expressed concerns about being on custody prevented them from seeking reconciliation and in turn affected the decisions of prosecutors or judges.
Third, although the intensity of suffered feeling varied from person to person, it is often mentioned that their level of painful feelings reduced over time. The majority of respondents referred to the first day of detainment as most miserable. Though the painful feeling decreased gradually, it never went completely away. Almost every inmate has drawn his attention to how he might get out of the detention center in the shortest possible time. By expecting to be released soon could also help neglect the pains of depriving their freedom temporarily.
In summary, this study showed that the detention system in Taiwan faces both institutional and practical issues.
From institutional perspective, I suggest that the Ministry of Justice encourages the academics and practitioners to study the global trend and adaptation of the detention regime in different countries. In order to balance defendants' right and social order without jeopardizing the criminal justice procedure, there is a need for comparative study on detention system.
From practical perspective, enriching the orientation contents is one viable solution to begin with. The detention centers should reduce the sense of uncertainty of defendants in custody. In addition, it is suggested that the centers should strengthen the management concern for the defendants’ vital needs and promote defendants' physical and mental health by introducing more social resources.

並列關鍵字

detention ； pains ； the defendant ； deprivation

參考文獻

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