台灣工業代謝指標探討—可用能生產力分析之應用

Indicators for Industrial Metabolism Analysis in Taiwan—Application of Exergy Productivity

王俊勝(Chun-Sheng Wang)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究根據熱力學第二定律，結合工業代謝與可用能概念，以可用能分析方法試圖建構台灣整體能源轉換與代謝路徑，並透過LINEX生產函數迴歸分析探討可用能生產力，再以資料包絡分析法(DEA)比較台灣各部門的歷年相對生產效率，研究結果歸納如下，本研究經計算推估出台灣能源消費部門的能源與可用能利用效率，分別為53.45%與27.29%，其中工業部門加熱製程與住商部門的有效能源使用階段，其可用能與能源比值最低，應是此二部門的能源使用轉換過程涉及參考環境溫差影響，使得可用能損失極為明顯所致。

藉由LINEX生產函數進行迴歸分析顯示，以資本、勞力與可用能為要素投入，對於台灣實際經濟產出的解釋程度相當高，可見除了勞力與資本兩種典型的投入要素外，可用能也是影響經濟產出的生產要素之ㄧ；利用迴歸係數與函數推導估算台灣歷年資本與勞力生產力彈性値，發現大致呈現逐年下滑趨勢，可用能生產力彈性値則呈現逐年遞增趨勢，顯示可用能投入對於生產力提昇有正面的影響且逐漸擴大。在相對效率分析方面，工業部門以化學材料製造業表現相對最差，國內各部門歷年比較則以服務業部門表現相對最佳，而跨國比較則以台灣表現相對較差，主要係可用能生產力偏低所致，顯示台灣可由提升可用能利用效率著手改善，並繼續推動產業結構調整，朝產業服務化方向進行。

關鍵字

工業代謝 ； 可用能分析 ； LINEX生產函數 ； 資料包絡分析法

並列摘要

This study bases on the thermodynamic second law and associate with industrial metabolism and the concept of exergy as well as attempt to construct the simplified model of macro system energy and exergy flows in Taiwan. To explore the exergy productivity by using regression analysis of LINEX production function, and use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze and compare the product performance of selected sectors in Taiwan. The results can be summarized as follows: the energy and exegy utilization efficiency of energy end-use sectors are 53.45% and 27.29%. In the useful energy utilization stage, the ratio of exegy and energy which are the lowest of residential -commercial sector and industrial heating process. It’s maybe due to different reference environment temperature of the two sectors while the energy conversion process.

By using LINEX production function regression, it is show that the degree of explanation is very well between economic production and the input factors which includes capital, labor and exergy. From the regression coefficients and the production function, we could get the capital, labor and exergy output elasiticity. Only the exergy output elasicity increases progressively year by year, but the other two decrease. It shows that the exergy input make the positive impact to productivity enhacement. About relative product analysis, the Chemical Materials display the worst in industrial sectors, and the service sector displays the best in all secotrs. Taiwan displays the worst in transnational compare due to the lower exergy productivity. Therefore, it should promote the exergy utilization efficiency and change the industrial organization in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

industrial metabolism ； exergy analysis ； LINEX ； DEA

參考文獻

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