都市發展型態與省水節能減碳之研究

The Research of Urban Development Pattern On Water-Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission

潘柏仰(Po-Yang Pan)

指導教授 ： 楊重信

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

有鑒於能源消費的成長，伴隨而來的溫室氣體排放，使得全球環境日趨惡化，而都市地區的永續發展更是未來全球永續發展的重要地方行動；台灣在面對都市永續發展這樣的議題時，「緊密都市(Compact city)」發展型態常被拿來討論及引用，但是在緊密都市發展型態對都市能源消費之效果仍有爭議與質疑，實有需要對二者的影響關係進行探討，並據以檢討台灣都市緊密發展之規劃設計。

本研究以生活圈概念將台灣本島鄉鎮市劃分36個都市地區，進行「緊密都市」之實證分析，以確認何種都市緊密因素對省水節能減碳的影響關係。經由文獻回顧歸納緊密都市所包含之概念，以及緊密都市與能源消費彼此間之影響關係。再進一步設計研究架構，以文獻整理的方式設計本研究的8個都市密度指標(包括都市整體密度以及都市中心密度兩類)與3個都市混合使用指標(包括水平混合使用、垂直混合使用以及設施服務3類)，並根據這些衡量指標的內容(人口密度、可建成地密度、居住密度、住宅密度、中心人口密度、中心可建成地密度、中心居住密度、中心住宅密度、土地使用亂異度、工商樓地板使用強度、零售業密度等11項)蒐集相關鄉鎮市的樣本資料，並運用變異數分析與迴歸分析建立本研究實證結果論述。

實證結果發現，不同都市發展型態對省水節能減碳具有不同之影響，高密度、高混合使用之都市型態最為不省水節能減碳，而但在高密度、低混合使用之都市型態下卻最為省水節能減碳，顯示在高密度都市發展下過多的混合使用未必能更有效省水節能減碳；都市高密度對省水節能減碳有正向的影響關係，但都市中心密度愈高對於省水節能減碳之效果會有負面影響；此外，混合使用發展未如預期對省水節能減碳產生顯著的正面影響。總括來說，緊密都市與省水節能減碳的關係並非完全呈現正向影響。

關鍵字

緊密都市 ； 緊密指標 ； 密度 ； 混合使用 ； 省水節能減碳

並列摘要

As the growth of energy consumption caused by greenhouse gas emission, the idea of “sustainable development” became a global consensus, and it was an important local activity that developing sustainably in urban area to achieve global sustainability. In Taiwan, when facing this issue, the development pattern of “compact city” was popular in discussion and application. However, the energy consumption of urban development pattern was still suspicioned by scholars, so it was necessary to research and review about the relationships between them, the urban planning of compactness in Taiwan.
This research used the concept of common living area to divide the townships in Taiwan into 36 urban areas and empirically analyzed to confirm what compactness indicators influenced to water- energy saving and low co2 emission. Through the literature review summarized in the concept of compact city, as well as how compact city affected water-energy saving and low co2 emission. Then, the model structures were identified based on the conclusions of literature review. There were eight density indicators(there are two class devided into overall density and internal distributions of density) and three mixed-use indicators(there are three class devided into horizontal mix of uses, vertical mix of uses and provision of facilities) and eleven measurable variables(population density, building density, residence density, housing density, central population density, central building density, central residence density, central housing density, land-use diversity, industrial and commercial floor intensity, retail density) considered in the model structures. After that, the data of measurable variables were investigated for the samples in Taiwan, and the empirical analysis in this research is established using ANOVA and regression analysis.
According to the results of empirical analysis, we found that there was a different effect by the different patterns of urban development on water-energy saving and low co2 emission. The urban patterns of high-density, high-mixed-use had the most non-water-energy saving efficiency and high co2 emission, but in the urban development of high-density, low-mix had the most water-energy saving and low co2 emission. It displayed in the high-density urban development, too much mixed-use that might not be more effective water-energy saving and low co2 emission. There was a positive effect by the urban development of high-density on water-energy saving and low co2 emission, but in central area, there was a negative effect by high-density on water-energy saving and low co2 emission. In addition, mixed-use development was not as expected to generated significant positive effects on water-energy saving and low co2 emission. To sum up, compact city and water-energy saving and low co2 emission is not entirely positive effects.

並列關鍵字

Compact city ； Compactness Indicators ； Density ； Mixed-use ； Water-Energy Saving and Low CO2 Emission

參考文獻

行政院主計處(2003)，「中華民國台灣地區家庭收支調查報告」。

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