透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.235.227.36
  • 學位論文

臺灣地區生活用水型態與用水量之推估研究

Study on Domestic Water Use in Taiwan - The Amount and Behavior of Consumption

指導教授 : 李育明
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


水資源是環境中最為重要且有限的自然資源。臺灣地區由於先天地形環境的特性,且降雨時空分配不均,導致枯水期經常面臨用水緊縮、缺水的困境。據研究顯示,若臺灣經濟持續發展,年所得提高至3萬美元,對於水資源的需求勢必會增加,估計生活用水量的上限值約出現在2021年,年合計將達37.8億噸,較2001年的實際用水量36億噸增加,也就是說,生活用水量會在20年內增加1.8億噸的用水需求。由於整體社會、經濟的快速發展,生活用水量急遽成長使得用水需求接近水資源供應的上限,如何得知生活用水型態與用水量之間的變化將是決策單位刻不容緩面對的問題。 影響生活用水的因子眾多且複雜,涉及社會、經濟、自然環境、政策等不同層面,且具有交互影響的特性;因此,單純推估需水量並不足以清楚瞭解面對未來快速變化的社會環境,生活用水影響因子對用水量之衝擊。本研究回顧國、內外相關研究,歸納出探討生活用水相關的因子和推估方法,並透過基本資料統計分析推估未來生活用水量,並透過系統思維方式建構生活用水的因果環路圖,以釐清在整個用水系統中的關鍵因子為何。 透過本研究可知每人每日生活用水量與教育程度和家戶所得總額有高度相關性,估計至2020年每人每日生活用水量為258.19公升,距離政策目標250公升尚有一段距離,而透過系統思維所建構的生活用水環路中能發現,工業用水回收再利用環路將是影響未來用水量的重要因子。

並列摘要


Water is the most critical natural resource on the world. Due to the native physical environment characteristic in Taiwan, the distribution of rainfall time and space are quite unequal, it makes people may facing the dilemma of water use restriction and water shortage. According to the study of Water Resources Agency (WRA), if the economic continues developing, domestic water upper limits will be 3.78 billion tonnes by 2021. Wholly society will under a great pressure of water use, so policy makers may concern how domestic water use change in the future. The amount and behavior of domestic water consumption is determined by a great variety of factors including socioeconomic, psychological, and policy instruments levels. Therefore estimation water consumption can’t clearly understand the interactions between factors. To do so, this paper review the relevant studies and estimate future domestic water consumption by statistical analysis, and using system thinking in order to built domestic water casual loop diagram. Finally, the study conclude that the liter per capita per day (LPCD) is highly relevant to education level and household income, it is estimate the LPCD will reach 258.19 liter by 2020, and in the domestic water casual loop diagram, industry water use casual loop is the key factor.

參考文獻


7.胡思聰,2002,「臺灣地區水資源利用現況與自來水合理水價探討」,國家政策研究基金會。
1.Al-Amin, M. and Mahmud, K. (2011) Domestic Water Consumption Patterns in a Village in Bangladesh. 4th Annual Paper Meet and 1st Civil Engineering Congress.
2.Arbues, F., Garcia-Valinas, M. A. and Martinez-Espineria, R. (2003) Estimation of Residential Water Demand: a state-of-the-art Review. The Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol.32, pp.81-102.
3.Babel, M. S., Das Gupta, A., Pradhan, P. (2007) A Multivariate Econometric Approach for Domestic Water Demand Modeling:an Application to Kathmandu, Nepal. Water Resources Management, Vol.21, pp.573-589.
4.Bertalanffy, L.V. (1968) General Systems Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications 2nd ed., George Braziller Inc., New York.

被引用紀錄


姚榮昇(2014)。每月平均日計費計量水量預測模型之建立〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841%2fNTUT.2014.00715
黃宣瑋(2017)。自來水合理價格及其需求因素之研究-以台灣自來水股份有限公司為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU201704308

延伸閱讀