持有與產業標準相結合之關鍵專利之專利權人享有優勢授權談判地位,對於必須遵循標準規格之技術實施者產生套牢(Hold-up)效應。若關鍵專利權人提出高額之授權金、拒絕授權、或包裹式授權等行為,將產生反競爭之效果,並衍生出競爭法上限制競爭、專利法上強制授權、民法上權利濫用、誠信原則、授權條款如何解釋與調整之相關問題。 標準制定組織於形成產業標準過程中,曾經針對潛在關鍵專利權人制定智慧財產權政策,要求參與標準制定之專利權人應及時揭露其專利權並承諾以公平、合理、無歧視之授權條件(FRAND terms)授權與技術需求者,本文藉此介紹美國競爭法主管機關與法院對於此類關鍵專利授權談判糾紛之最新政策規範與實務個案,以此為借鏡反思我國規範架構下實踐之可能性。另外,我國曾發生之著名實務個案,即飛利浦、新力、太陽誘電公司聯合授權我國內CD-R光碟廠商巨擘、精碟公司案,亦是另類產業標準專利權之授權契約爭議,於我國同時涉及公平交易法、專利法、民法交錯適用之議題,本文藉此整理公平會及各級法院判決最新見解,以通盤綜合觀察該案例前後脈絡,再以專利法最新修法軌跡檢討我國法制對專利授權契約糾紛之相關規範,並提出個人看法與建議。
Holders of patents combined with industry-standard have patent licensing negotiations dominant position for technical implementers who must follow the standard, this is so-called “Hold-up effect”. If the above patent holders charge “excessive” royalties, refuse to license, or package-license and other anti-competitive acts , and derive related issues about anti-competition in the competition law, compulsory licensing in patent law, abuse of rights, the principle of good faith, the interpretation and adjustment of license terms in civil law. Standards setting organizations(SSOs)adopt intellectual property policies requiring the patent holders participation in standard setting should promptly disclose its patents in the development of industry standards, and agree to license their patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms (FRAND terms) to technical implementers. This article describes the U.S. competition authorities and the courts how to process such disputes, including the latest policies and regulations and cases, as a reflection of our existing legal regime. Our country's well-known cases-Philips, Sony, Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd Joint-license CD-R discs to manufacturers Princo Corp. and Prodisc. Technology Inc. cases, are also another industry-standard patent license contract dispute applicable to fair trade law, patent law, civil law in our country. This article will be to organize fair trade commission decisions and court judgments. By observation of the above cases, and tracking latest patent law amendments in our country, and then made some views and suggestions.