拜科技進步所賜,資訊流通更加迅速,抄襲也更加容易,而抄襲事件頻傳,使得人們開始重視抄襲,其實,不論古今中外抄襲事件屢屢不絕,然而,遍查我國法、美國法甚或日本法,均未規定抄襲二字,實則,抄襲係著作權侵害之實務上所發展出的一套判斷標準。當兩著作外觀上出現近似時,著作權人之權利有可能遭到侵害,惟抄襲之判斷並非僅單純比對兩著作近似即可做出結論,蓋著作中可能包含公共領域部分,為不使公共領域部分淪為私用,因此,在訴訟中必須要進行更精密的分析,以判斷是否構成侵害著作權。 本文擬採比較法研究,以抄襲理論發展最蓬勃的國家—美國為基礎,介紹美國實務上所發展出來的Arnstein原則以及接觸與實質近似之判斷標準。緊接著介紹在抄襲判斷的標準上發展出本土特色之日本法。除美日兩國外,中國大陸法亦為本文比較法之研究對象。 最後,回歸本土,在著作權法中如何判斷抄襲,本文以臺灣臺北地方法院民刑事判決、智慧財產法院民刑事判決及上訴審智慧財產法院、高等法院、最高法院之實務見解為中心,觀察我國法院關於接觸之認定、分離不受著作權保護部分之方法以及判斷實質近似時所採取之要素,進而提出本文之看法與建議。
Technology advancement facilitates efficient circulation of information, making copying a much easier task. Frequent recurrence of incidents of plagiarism direct people’s attention to this issue. Foreign and domestic history books and news articles are replete with episodes of plagiarism. Nevertheless, a thorough examination of the laws of Taiwan, the United States and even Japan reveal that the term “plagiarism” has never been clearly and legally defined. The reason behind the absence is because plagiarism refers to a set of case law requirements used to legally establish copyright infringement. Copyright owners’ interest may be violated when two works appear to be similar. But the similarity per se does not necessitate the conclusion that plagiarism has occurred. The work in question may include material that has entered into the public domain, which a hurried incitement may serve to privatize. Therefore, an extensive analysis through the process of litigation is crucial to determine copyright infringement. This thesis adopts comparative approach and uses the regulations of the United States, a country where theories of plagiarism have evolved most vigorously, to lay down the foundation for comparison. The principles following the Arnstein v. Porter decision as well as factors to establish access and substantial similarities developed from the long history of American case law are introduced. Ensued by the American laws is an overview of the requirements to establish plagiarism in the Japanese counterpart, which has evolved to be calibrated to the domestic characteristics. This comparative research also studies the regulations of China in addition to American and Japanese laws.