影響聚眾活動現場警察執行驅散時使用強制力之因素-以臺北市政府警察局中正第一分局為例

Factors Related to Police Use of Force in the Dispersal of Public Protests

許崇儀(CHUNG-YI HSU)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

聚眾活動或稱群眾事件抗爭活動在人類歷史上其實屢見不鮮，其目的乃為民眾爭取特定權益，使用若干聚集活動或運動手段來達成任務。在活動中，為維護公共利益，警察必須投身其中。在維持秩序的過程中，現場狀況往往多變，警察第一線指揮官在聚眾活動過程中，使用強制力驅離群眾決策的情境影響因素，是本研究欲了解之目標。
根據上述目的，本研究深度訪談五位曾執行過驅離行動擔任小（分）區指揮官之派出所主管。研究結果發現在聚眾活動中驅散群眾強制力之發動，小（分）區指揮官主要考量情境為：勤教中已由指揮官特別授權者、是否單純之小狀況、大規模聚眾活動中緊急突發狀況。此外，本研究也發現，影響小（分）區指揮官執行驅離行動使用強制力之因素有執法同仁身心狀況是否達臨界點、現場是否出現民意代表、與媒體、以及現場民眾的行為與情緒等。這些因素會決定小（分）區指揮官是否使用強制力以及強度之決策，政府的態度則非影響之因素。
本研究建議警察機關將小（分）區劃分依據及指揮官權責條文化，決策明確賦予，除決策時有法源依據外，亦達到分層負責之效果。其次，警察機關應研擬新型應勤方式與裝備，以因應目前抗議手段日趨多元之狀況。第三，需能掌握與抒解基層同仁執勤時壓力，使同仁以客觀、理性方式來執行任務，面對群眾。第四，警方執勤時，提升與完備蒐證設備，除能於事後產生爭議時能立即還原當時狀況外，亦能對執勤員警產生監控之效果。最後，設置事件媒體發言人，統一採訪與定期播送相關訊息，使資訊之傳達能更客觀。

關鍵字

警察強制力 ； 驅離行動 ； 聚眾活動

並列摘要

Protests（or public demonstrations）are common in human history and are carried out in various methods in an attempt to fight for certain civil rights. To maintain public interests during a protest, police involvement is necessary. The purpose of this study was to identify the decision making of the first-line assistant commanding officer during the exercise of coercive forces to maintain public order under volatile circumstances and factors related to the usage of coercive forces.
According to the object mentioned above, the present study conducted in-depth interviews with five station sergeants who had dispersing experiences as an assistant commanding officer before. The results indidated that： the situations where assistant commanding officers’ constrained usage of coercive forces in a protest were（1）authorization by the higher commander,（2）simple incident, and（3）emergent situations occurred during a large-scale protest. The study also found that the the factors affecting assistant commanding officers’ execution of coercive force includes are conditioned by the judgment of the physical and mental conditions of the first-line officers, the presence of politicians and media, and the actions, and the emotion of the on-site protestors. The attitude of the government, however, is not the major concern.
The study recommends police taking the following actions to improve the usage of coercive force during protests. First, making the regulation and responsibility of the assistant commanding officer clear. Second, developing novel approaches and equipments for public demonstrations in response to diversified protest methods. Third, providing afterwards consultation to the front-line officers to deal with their stress and the usage of coercive force. Fourth, better equip the front-line officers of evidence collecting when dissensions are occurred and to oversee officers on duty. And finally, setting up a media center during protests to convey and disseminate information to the public.

並列關鍵字

police coercive force ； dispersal ； public protest

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