全球氣候變遷促使極端熱事件頻仍,並加遽都市內部的熱島現象,此內、外部因素可能衝擊都市公共衛生與發病率。因此本研究以IPCC第五次評估報告的風險評估架構為基礎,並以具都市熱島現象的臺北盆地為研究對象,分析其極端熱事件下的風險分布。 而本研究首先應用2007年7月21日的Landsat TM衛星影像反演地表溫度,並結合中央氣象局與環保署監測站之大氣溫度數據,建立關係式推估臺北盆地的大氣溫度,再者考量相對濕度之數據推得臺北盆地的熱指數,藉以分析臺北盆地的熱壓力分布;接著建構熱壓力下的暴露度與脆弱度評估指標,前者應用前述之測站逐時氣溫數據,將大於35度的時數與溫差以空間內插計算極端熱事件的持續時間與強度,而後者尚可分為評估社會經濟脆弱族群的敏感性指標,以及降低熱衝擊的調適力指標。最後應用衛生福利部全民健康保險研究資料庫之熱相關疾病門診就醫數據,探討臺北盆地的社會經濟條件與熱相關疾病之關聯,並釐清臺北盆地的熱風險分布,最後進一步針對醫療條件相對不足的地區與臺灣適用的熱風險評估指標提出建議。 研究可發現一、臺北盆地在極端熱事件下的熱壓力與熱相關疾病門診就醫具有顯著正相關;二、臺北盆地在極端熱事件下的高熱風險區包含三重區、大同區、萬華區與永和區等;三、臺北盆地熱風險指標反映的實證熱相關疾病門診就醫風險與過去文獻所指的風險結果略有不同。而本研究的成果可作為政府擬定政策之參考,俾使社會能公平、健康、安全與永續地發展。
Heatwaves are predicted to increase in frequency (quantity) and intensity as a consequence of climate change. Global climate change may intensify urban heat islands with implications for local heat stress, morbidity and public health. In this study, according to the risk assessment framework of the Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC, we analyzed the patterns of risks in Taipei Basin area under heatwaves. We used Landsat TM satellite images at July 21, 2007, to convert land surface temperature. Then we estimated the heat index of the study area with the regression of land surface temperature and the data of meteorological station. We also proposed a risk of heat assessment framework under heat stress, including exposure and vulnerability indicators. Spatial interpolation is used to calculate the duration and intensity of extreme heat events, and further, the data was divided into sensitivity indicators to assess the vulnerable population and the adaptive capacity indicators to evaluate the extent to which the heat impact was reduced. Finally, we used the data of outpatients of heat-related diseases from the National Health Insurance Database to analyze the relationships between socio-economic factors and heat-related morbidity in Taipei Basin area. To better understand the patterns of the risks of extreme heat events, we suggested some improvements to the area which were relatively lack of medical resources. Our results suggest that (a) the outpatients of heat-related diseases had a significant positive correlation with the heat index in Taipei Basin area under extreme heat events; (b) there were four districts in high risks of heat stress, including Sanchong, Datong, Wanhua and Yonghe District; (c) different from some prior studies, the indicators in this study reflected the empirical risks of the outpatients of heat-related diseases during extreme heat events. The results of the study could be used to help modifing the urban development policies, and finally reached a just, healthy, security and sustainable society.
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