台灣地區廠商空氣污染防制成本函數實證研究

我國空氣污染防制法歷經數次修訂後，具有經濟誘因的政策工具，如空氣污染防制費，已經成為防制空氣污染的重要方法，而廠商的空氣污染防制成本，則是制定空氣污染防制費率的關鍵資訊。本研究利用92年度固定污染源排放許可資料庫，針對粒狀污染物、硫氧化物、氮氧化物、揮發性有機物等四種污染物，分析防制成果及防制成本。研究結果顯示，防制前排放最多粒狀污染物、硫氧化物、氮氧化物、揮發性有機物的行業，以及削減這四種污染物最大量的行業，分別同為「非金屬礦物製品製造業」、「紙漿、紙及紙製品製造業」、「電力供應業」、「電力及電子機械器材製造修配業」。粒狀污染物、硫氧化物、氮氧化物、揮發性有機物的年防制平均成本分別為1,311,730、53,671、50,541、41,103（元/公噸）。使用Cobb-Douglas及Translog函數迴歸分析廠商空氣污染防制成本函數，發現污染防制量對總防制成本存在顯著正向影響。再以行業別為虛擬變數進行分析，發現「非金屬礦物製品製造業」之總粒狀污染物防制成本較其他行業少，「紙漿、紙及紙製品製造業」的氮氧化物防制成本比其他行業少，「電力及電子機械器材製造修配業」的揮發性有機物防制成本比其他行業高。

關鍵字

空氣污染防制成本函數；迴歸分析；虛擬變數

並列摘要

After several amendments for Taiwan’s Air Pollution Control Act, the policy tool with economic incentives such as the air pollution control fee has become an important method to abate air pollution; meanwhile, manufacturers’ cost of controlling air pollution also turns to be the crucial information to draw the air pollution control fee. Based on 2003 Fixed Pollution Source Emission Database, this study focuses on four pollutants－particulate matters ,SOx, NOx and VOC to analyze the abatement performance and abatement cost. The result shows that before control, the industries which emitted the most particulate matter, SO2, NOx , VOC and reduced the most emission of these four pollutants were respectively ‘Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Industry,’ ‘Pulp, Paper and Paper Product Manufacturing Industry,’ ‘Power Supply Industry,’ and ‘Electricity and Electronic Mechanical Equipment Manufacture and Repair Industry.’ Furthermore, the annual average costs for controlling particulate matters, SOx, NOx and VOC are separately 1311730, 53671,50541 and 41103(NT dollar/ton). By adopting Cobb-Douglas function and Translog function regression model to analyze manufacturers’ air pollution abatement cost functions, we also found that the pollution control level has significant positive effect on the total abatement cost. Moreover, we also conducted the analysis through taking a category of industry as dummy variable and found that the total abatement cost of particulate matters in the ‘Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Industry’ is lower than that of any other industry; the total abatement cost of NOx in the ‘Pulp, Paper and Paper Product Manufacturing Industry’ is lower as compared with those of other industries; however, the total abatement cost of VOC in the ‘Electricity and Electronic Mechanical Equipment Manufacture and Repair Industry’ is higher than that of any other industry.

並列關鍵字

Cost Function of Pollution Abatement ； Regression Analysis ； Dummy Variable

參考文獻

黃正義、陳王琨，1997，「空氣污染防制學」，淑馨出版社

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Kwon, Oh Sang and Won-Cheol Yun, 1999, “Estimation of the Marginal Costs of Airborne Pollutants in Korea’s Power Generation Sector”, Energy Economics, Vol.21, pp.547-560

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台灣地區廠商空氣污染防制成本函數實證研究

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