由利益衡量角度—論偵查制度下的隱私權保障

Research of Privacy Protection under the Investigation System—From the Benefits Balance Opinion

柳信泰(Hsing-Tai Liu)

指導教授 ： 劉幸義

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

法律所追求的目的，不外乎是法益之保障，透過法益的詮釋與考量而制定出符合人性與社會期待之法律，更是所有法治國家努力的方向。法益既是法律所欲加保護的對象，然而當所欲加以保護的數個法益相互之間出現衝突時，應如何適用相關法律？抑或是要如何加以取捨？此時便需引入利益衡量法理來尋求解決之道。
利益衡量是運用在法益衝突時的一套操作法則，其作用主要係在於調合或取捨二種以上的利益衝突問題。筆者以刑事偵查活動與隱私權保障之衝突界限為例，來概述利益衡量之法學概念的操作準則與實踐，並提出對於我國偵查實務上利益衡量不足之看法與相關探討。
隱私權在我國憲法架構下是受有保障的概括自由權，至於偵查制度乃專屬於國家之公權力，隨著人民權利自主意識的抬頭，在人權保障之前提下，如何從國家刑罰權與人民隱私權之間求其平衡，便是一個值得探求的議題。易言之，偵查制度與隱私權保障間的衝突，應如何解決？
本文試以論述國家偵查行為與隱私權之間的衝突，來鑑明利益衡量原則之真諦與價值。

關鍵字

利益 ； 利益衡量 ； 隱私權 ； 偵查

並列摘要

The primacy purpose of the law is the legal interests’ protection but exceeding the safeguard of the law profit. For this reason, this dissertation assumes that pursuing the concepts and interpretations of interests’ protection for constituting a suitable law is the proper direction of a modern country and fits human nature and the social anticipation. Since the protection objects of law are legal interests, how could harmonize the conflict of the legal interests, as it’s occurred? Seeking the annotation of the benefit weight legal principle theory might be a best solution.
“Benefit Weight Legal Principle” is an operating rule for conflicts of legal interests. By harmonizing the conflict between criminal detection and privacy protection, for instance, this dissertation attempts to discuss the legal concept of “Benefit Weight Legal Principle” and its’ practicability, as well as concluding that the judicial decisions and practices in Taiwan use the “Benefit Weight Legal Principle” concepts insufficiently.
The right of privacy is a general freedom in the constitutional framework; nevertheless, criminal investigation is an exclusivity power of a state. Obviously, as citizenship rose, the benefits conflicts between country and citizen enhanced. As a result, how to balance the benefit of a state and citizen right would be a most important issue. In other words, what’s the most urgent issue at this situation would be a method which could harmonize the potential conflicts occurred. This thesis aims to discuss the conflicts of the national investigation behavior and privacy for clarifying the meaning and value of the “Benefit Weight Legal Principle.”

並列關鍵字

benefit ； balance ； privacy ； investigation

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