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  • 學位論文

國內發展生質柴油潛力評估

Assessment of the Development Potential of Biodiesel in Taiwan

指導教授 : 李育明
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摘要


推廣生質柴油可朝向能源自給,種植能源作物可使休耕農地再活化利用,並增加農村就業人口,及帶動生質柴油相關產業發展,故各國已致力開發與運用。我國於2005年召開能源會議提出發展綠色能源的政策,生質柴油訂定2010年10萬公秉、2020年15萬公秉的利用目標,並以廢食用油及能源作物為原料。 本文研究彙整我國廢食用油回收現況及產量、以休耕農地種植能源作物情形,並分別進行產製為生質柴油之產量及成本之推估,再模擬情境評估國內生質柴油發展,最後再探討長期目標開放市場競爭下未來發展潛力並提出建議。 本研究分析我國生質柴油發展潛力結果發現,以廢食用油再製產量推估約有4~5萬公秉/年,雖已推動地方清潔隊建立回收體系,但2008年6月預計回收量僅為4,600公噸,故未來應加強健全回收體系。在能源作物方面,休耕農地22萬公頃扣除種植生質酒精作物後將有80%可用。採高單位產量及高含油量推估最大產能約為20.2萬公秉/年,但加上作物生長特性、農民意願及氣候等因素,可能降為6.2-7.7萬公秉/年。兩者料源產能合計似可達到推動目標,但推動過程仍將面臨料源不穩定、生產成本太高等許多不確定性因素,而當開放市場競爭,廠商可自國外進口較便宜料源,國內能源作物若未能提高產量及降低生產成本,勢必無法競爭,故政府應有相關補貼配套措施,以保障國內料源自主,及農民的收益及相關產業生存。 在生質柴油生產成本方面,以廢食用油產製成本約20~25元/公升;以能源作物產製隨著作物產量多寡變動更大,若不考慮保價收購及補助,生產成本約50~55元/公升,加上廠商管銷利潤後,價格與傳統柴油26.6元/公升(2007年10月售價)價差太大。縱使採用B1(26.93~27.03元/公升),B2(27.27~27.45元/公升),差價已大幅縮小,但對民眾而言仍難接受。

並列摘要


Utilization of biodiesel diversifies energy sources, enhances energy security, and meets environmental and rural development objectives like revitalizing the farmland that is set aside, increasing more manpower devoted in farming. It will also promote the development of biodiesel. Therefore many governments are propelling to enact powerful incentives for the use of biodiesel. In year 2005, Taiwan proposed to have green energy policy and make goals of utilizing 100,000 kilolitres and 150,000 kilolitres of biodiesel in year 2010 and 2020 respectively. The biodiesel was made of waste cooking oil and oil-seed crops like rapeseed, sunflower, or soybeans. This article collects the information of waste cooking oil generation and recycling, based on the information of crop plantation on the set-aside farmland. This estimates the generation cost and quantity of the biodiesel. Such estimation will develop simulation model to evaluate the possibility of the biodiesel development, and it will take a deeper insight in the long-term marketability of the biodiesel. As a result, the assessment of potential production of biodiesel shows it is hardly to reach the goal. There are 40,000 to 50,000 kilolitres of waste cooking oil generated per year; the local sanitary staffs have established waste cooking oil recycling mechanism. However, the estimation shows in June 2008, only 4,600 metric tons will be recycled. The set aside farmland with total 220,000 hectares in area, after deduction of planting ethanol conversion plants, there are still 80% availability of land. There are around 150,000 kilolitres of biodiesel generated per year as the maximum productivity if adopting high generation and high fuel content as the strategies. However, under the possible conditions of plant properties, farmers’ willingness, and climate, the maximum productivity may be lowered to 60,000 to 80,000 kilolitres per year. The combination of waste cooking oil recycling and plantation of the oil-seed crops can facilitate the promotion of using biodiesel. Still, many causes like unstable source, high production cost may affect the use of biodiesel. After the market is open, manufacturers will import cheaper feedstock and if the oil-seed crops are not becoming cheaper by raising productivity or lowering production cost. Soon the crops planned domestically will be no longer attractive. Appropriate compensation measures shall be established to protect the domestic market and ensure the farmers’ incomes are stable. The cost of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is around NT$ 20-25 per liter. However, the cost of biodiesel production from oil-seed crops varies even more. Without considering the subsidies from the government, the cost of biodiesel (NT$50-55 per liter) vs. the cost of gasoline (NT$ 26.6 per liter, sold in October, 2007) still imposes huge price difference and hardly attracts public to purchase the biodiesel. Even adopting the B1 diesel (NT$ 26.93-27.03 per liter) and B2 diesel (NT$ 27.27-27.45 per liter), their high prices are still not attractive to the public.

參考文獻


22.陳孝宇,2006,「發展生質柴油和生質酒精對台灣農業部門之影響分析」,國立台灣大學農業經濟學研究所碩士論文。
6.春元車輛科技股份有限公司,2007,「酒精汽油及生質柴油污染減量效益評估計畫」期末報告,環保署委託計畫。
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被引用紀錄


蔡迪洋(2010)。反應曲面法應用於廢棄炸油產製生質柴油之 最適預酯化製程探討〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2010.01561
黃慧玲(2008)。我國生質能源產業之分析〔碩士論文,元智大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0009-0707200822313900
林妍希(2011)。推動低碳農業社區減量措施之研究-以嘉義縣A鄉鎮為例〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0006-0707201115483600

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