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  • 學位論文

文學批評文本的標記及其應用─以宋代胡仔《苕溪漁隱叢話》為例

The Markup of Literary Criticism Text and Its Applications: Based on "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin" Written by Hu Zi in Song Dynasty

指導教授 : 周亞民
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摘要


數位人文研究發展迄今,已在許多領域建立卓越的成就。人文學者憑藉資訊技術的幫助,由不同視角切入文學、歷史資料,以嶄新的形式,體現人文研究的價值,開拓更寬廣的討論空間,激發更多元的可能性。 然而,仍有一些領域是目前的研究視野未能顧及的。本論文關注的文學批評研究,便是其中之一。以中國文學批評研究的現狀來看,對文獻材料爬梳、分析,進而聚焦於特定議題,尋找證據並加以推測、詮釋,仍是主要的研究手段。此方法固然得以深入文獻內容,釐清知識脈絡,但一旦面對的資料量太過龐大,傳統的搜尋、檢索方法便顯得力有未逮,研究者需耗費更多時間、精力,方能將資料歸納、統整,擇取所需的部份。 標記理念的特色,或可為這項難題帶來解決之可能。本論文在文學批評的譜系選中選擇「詩話」為材料,以宋代胡仔《苕溪漁隱叢話》為範例,分析標記理念是否能為文學批評研究提供幫助。 本論文首先檢視《叢話》文本,分析其內容、價值、結構與體例,彙整其中蘊含的知識內容,並參考相關領域學者的研究視角,藉以歸納文學批評文本的標記需求。將標記對象確立為文本的詮釋資料、章節架構、關鍵詞彙以及隱晦資訊。 再者,闡述如何透過「標籤」呈現文本蘊含的知識,讓研究者迅速建立對文本的認知,以XML標記語言為工具,設計相應的標籤與屬性,標記《叢話》內容中各種不同的資訊類別,進而彙整出一套符合《叢話》研究需求的標籤集。為了說明這些標籤、屬性的使用方式,本論文亦根據其標記思維,設計專屬的DTD(文件型別定義),解釋標記文本的建構理念,並以《叢話》中的案例實際呈現標記結果。 說明標記的方法與思維之後,利用Markus標記平臺,以《叢話》中的人名資訊為主要對象,實際執行半自動標記,建立標記文本的範例模型,在相關工具的幫助下進行詮釋、分析,並以量化數據呈現分析成果。透過與其他《叢話》研究成果的比較,可以發現兩者之間存在高度的正相關,證明基於標記理念的處理、分析方法,應能為文學批評研究,提供另一種有效率的資訊擷取、分析方式。 最後,引入XPath路徑語言,說明如何以標記文本為材料,針對特定資料執行檢索與搜尋,藉此提出一種自由度更高、更符合研究需求的資料搜尋管道,提升標記文本的應用價值。透過本論文的測試,證明此搜尋方式確實能夠排除相關性低的物件,直接提供使用者較符合研究需求的資料。 本論文的主要貢獻在於:一、提出基於文學批評研究需求的標籤集與DTD,用以呈現、表述中國文學批評文本承載的知識內容;二、提供不同的分析管道,使用者得以利用量化數據,作為研究議題的佐證依據;三、建立更具彈性的資料檢索方式,讓使用者自行設計搜尋條件,節省資料蒐集的時間。 本論文希望透過《苕溪漁隱叢話》的標記、分析和成果比對,檢視此研究方法在文學批評研究領域的可行性,協助使用者更迅速、便利地處理大量資料、文獻,讓研究者將精力投注在資訊的詮釋和剖析上。再者,建立結構嚴謹的標記文本,以標籤處理潛藏在文字之間的隱晦資訊,得以迅速從中獲取所需,進而建構自身的論述體系。最終目的則希望以不同的思維方式,拓寬文學批評研究的視野,帶來不同的可能性,並進而提升數位人文的能見度。

並列摘要


Up to the present Digital Humanities research has established a remarkable achievement in many areas. With the help of information technology, Humanities scholars analyze literary and historical data by different perspectives, reflect the value of humanistic studies with a new form, develop a broader space for discussion and inspire the possibility of advanced research. However , there are still some research areas of research which are not taken into account by recent vision. Literary criticism research is one of them. In the status quo of Chinese Literary Criticism, the main means of research are still based on analyzing material, focusing on a specific topic, looking for evidence and speculating its significance. Although this method can set up in-depth understanding of literary content and clarify the knowledge of context, it appears to be powerless once we face a large amount of data. In order to choose the required parts, researchers need to spend more time and energy concluding data. Maybe the idea of markup may bring possible solutions to this problem. The thesis selects " Poetry " as material and choose "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin " written by Hu Zi in Song Dynasty as an example to analyze whether the idea of markup can provide help for the research of literary criticism. At first we thoroughly survey the text of "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin ", analyze its contents , value, structure and style, conclude its intellectual content and consult the perspective of research scholars in related fields for reference so as to integrate the needs of the markup of literary criticism. Establish metadata, section architecture, key words and implicit informathion as markup objects. Then we explain how to present knowledge which contains in the text so as to let researchers build awareness of the text quickly and design appropriate tags and attributes to markup various kinds of information. Through these steps, we aggregated a tag set which meets requirements of the research of "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin ". To illustrate the use of these tags and attributes, we also design exclusive DTD( document type definition ) according to the thinking of markup to explain the construction concept of markup text and present practical results through executing markup of part of "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin ". After describing method and thinking of markup, we select names information as the main target to execute semi-automatic markup with the aid of "MARKUS" (A professional text analysis and reading platform). Create sample model of markup text , interpret with the help of relevant tools and show the analytic results according to quantitative data.Through comparing with other research results of "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin ", it can be found that there is a high positive correlation between these results. This conclusion proves that the analytic method based on markup should be able to provide another efficient mode of information search and analysis. At last, we explain how to perform a search for specific information with markup text by using Xpath language. Through these steps, we present a search mode with a higher degree of freedom which is more suitable for literary criticism research and enhance the value of the markup text. Through our tests, we demonstrate that this search mode may find ways to exclude objects with low correlation and directly provide users with informathion matching the demand of research. The contribution of this thesis includes: (1) proposing a tag set and DTD which are based on the demand of literary criticism research for presenting knowledge and intellectual content, (2) providing a different analytic mode and making it possible to use quantitative data as evidence of research issues, (3) for the benefit of saving time and energy, establishing a more flexible mode of data searching which allows users to design their own search criteria. We hope to check the feasibility of markup method in the field of literary criticism through the markup and analysis of "A Clump of Speech of Tiaoxi Yuyin ". Assist users in handling large amounts of documents and data quickly and conveniently. Allow researchers to focus on the analysis and interpretation of information. Furthermore, establish well-formed markup text, deal with implicit informathion by tags and attributes and construct their own discourse system. The ultimate purpose is to broaden research perspective through different thought, bring different possibilities and thus enhance the visibility of Digital Humanities.

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