失控的正義---探討人肉搜索動機與群體監控之影響

Runaway Justice: Exploring the Effects of Motivation and Monitoring Groups on Human Flash Search

陳品浩(PING-HAO CHEN)

指導教授 ： 林育聖

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

人肉搜索一詞指的是因為某一事件或是某一人物，某則反常事件，引發線上群眾自發性地集結，進行對話討論，形成臨時的線上群體 (emergent online group)，以找出特定對象為目標，引發公眾的討論，在網路上透過不特定多數人的串聯提供各方面的線索，拼湊出事件的原貌或是找出該人物的個人資料。在現今社會中，人肉搜索已經頻繁出現在我們的生活當中，這樣的行為其中涉及了個資法甚或是觸犯刑法的情況，但在這種網路群體共同催生的犯罪行為中，可以看到它呈現出不同於傳統現實生活中犯罪的特性。
本研究透過日常生活理論試圖解釋人肉搜索發生的原因，從中發現在犯罪三要素中有能力之監控者(capable guardian)的不在場裡，監控的產生與在現實世界中認知到的過程並不相同，監控不因群聚而加強，甚至可能因此喪失監控的效果，因此本研究利用實驗設計的方式，嘗試探悉人肉搜索事件中監控效果喪失的可能來源，是由於群體內部的影響(透過網友的評論)，還是群體外部產生的結果(透過新聞媒體的報導)，在本研究所操弄的兩個變項---網友評論與媒體評論，在媒體評論上發現會造成反應顯著的降低，而在網友評論上則沒有觀察到顯著，推測可能是有產生降低監控的效果，但仍然維持在一定的程度導致於反應並不顯著的高或低，也可能是因為群體產生了監控以外的效果，造成群體同時對個人是否進行人肉搜索的判斷發生推力與拉力。
另外則是思考個人除了受到群體影響外，是否有因為個人因素而造成想要人肉搜索的慾望，透過文獻的探索將其因素定名為人肉搜索動機，本研究分為四個面向：正義感、知的慾望、不滿與歡愉情緒及從眾歸屬感，在研究結果中我們可以得知，正義感與知的慾望對於人肉搜索的反應在迴歸分析中有顯著的線性關係，正義感與知的慾望分數越高，人肉搜索反應就越傾向進行人肉搜索的行為。

關鍵字

人肉搜索 ； 日常生活理論

並列摘要

“Human flesh search “is used to indicate an temporary online group discusses a certain people, an event or an unusual incident. The group aims to find a certain people with numerous clues provided by the internet users. Nowadays, human flesh search is frequently appeared in our daily lives. However, it may violate the Personal Information Protection Act. This research tried to examine if some factors, which could restrain the traditional crime, may trigger a human flesh search.
This research applies Routine Activities Theory to explain the motivation behind the happening of "human flesh search." An experimental design were employed to examine the tri-factors involved in criminal acts and found that in an absence or a vacuum of capable guardians, the mechanism of guardianship has a different impact for the virtual world. Monitorization does not increase with the multiplication of crowd. On the contrary, this study shows that the effect might in fact decrease as the amount of online traffic increases. This research sets out to explain the possible reasons behind the loss of efficacy for the capable guardians, by placing either the attentions from an internal group (comments by netizens) or the attentions from the external group (reports by news media) as variable. The results indicate that the participants are less likely to provide information when media comments are present, but the result is not significant enough to be conclusive in the one manipulating netizen comments as its variable. The inconclusive result might be although the efficacy of the capable guardians is observed to decrease, it might still be kept at a sufficiently influential level, which leads to an unchanged behavioural pattern. The second possibility might be the group could create an impact on individual judgement concerning whether to conduct doxing or not, resulting in both a push and a pull effect that is different from the influence of capable guardians. As to the reasons for this second possible mental status, the findings are insufficient to draw a conclusion.
Besides, four motivations, which may cause the human flesh research, were examined: Sense of justice, the desire to know, dissatisfaction and joy and sense of belonging to the herd. Only sense of justice could have significant effects on the participants' reactions. The participants with higher sense of justice were more likely to provide information and initiate a human flesh research.

並列關鍵字

Human Flash Search ； Routine Activities Theory

參考文獻

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