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  • 學位論文

國家公園與社區居民協力關係之探討─以台江家園守護圈計畫為例

A Study of Collaboration between National Park and Community Residents-A Case of Taijiang Guardian Circle Project

指導教授 : 陳金貴
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摘要


近幾年政府欲陸續設置幾個國家公園,然因為國家公園的存在勢必會對當地居民生活產生 一定程度上的影響,故並非每個國家公園均能順利成立,例如早期的蘭嶼、馬告、能丹以及綠 島,皆為當地居民擔心其土地使用權受限,反彈意識強烈而與政府抗爭,最後未能建置成功。 有鑒於此,國家公園管理處愈來愈重視與居民之互動關係,因而採取公私協力策略,以參與式 經營管理的方式使當地居民融入國家公園的管理。本研究以台灣成立之第八座國家公園─台江 國家公園之台江家園守護圈計畫為個案,由於其係由地方政府促請中央成立,相較於其他國家 公園面積完整,台江國家公園涵蓋的面積狹長破碎,周邊包含14個社區,又因地處台灣西南沿 海,養殖漁業為居民生計來源,國家公園之成立實會對居民之生產活動產生影響,如未能與居民 建立良好的互動關係,甚而攸關其存在之必要性。是以,本研究藉由台江家園計畫探討台江國家 公園與居民間的互動關係。 透過文獻分析法及深度訪談法,定義協力的意涵與特色,了解各個國家公園所面臨到與居民 之間的衝突與合作關係,歸納出國家公園與居民互動中面臨認同、參與和協力三個層面,分別對 應至Ansell & Gash所提出的協力治理過程五面向:面對面溝通、信任建立、過程的承諾與共享 理解來進行深度訪談,藉以得知政策利害關係人的想法與協力互動後之回應態度,並分析出家園 守護圈計畫執行前後的落差,以及從公民參與階梯中探討國家公園社區居民之公民參與程度。 研究結果發現,在認同層面上,透過分析各利害關係人之目標,以凝聚雙方共識。而台管處 以建立家園守護圈溝通平台、上課輔導居民產業與協助發展地方產業的方式增進雙方認同感,然 因雙方信任關係難以建立、認知落差以及目標不一致,而導致居民之認同感不足;而在參與層面 上,居民未能自動自發的參與公共事務,就公民參與階梯而言,參與程度落在第三階到第六階; 最後在協力層面上,從家園守護圈政策目標觀之,各目標在執行中會產生諸多問題,影響協力的 結果。因而,協力成功的要件除了須建立在認同、參與和協力的層面上,亦須使居民充分知悉國 家公園的核心價值,方能在不斷協商溝通的互動關係中有一定的共識存在,進而促使雙方建立良 好的協力關係。

並列摘要


In recent years, the government intended to set up several National Parks in succession. However, the National Parks may bring some problems for residents. As a result, some were not set up successfully; Lanyu National Park, Macau National park, Nengdan Nation Park, and Green Island National Park; were not set up because the residents worried that they couldn’t use their land freely. So they contested the government. In light of this, National Park Headquarters concerned about the interaction between residents and National Parks. Through strategic collaboration and participative management, the government lets the community residents feel involved in the management of National Park Headquarters. This article studies Taijiang National Park, the eighth National Park in Taiwan, with Taijiang Guardian Circle Project. Taijiang National Park was set up with bottom-up methods. The study contrast with other National Parks which locate on a single area, Taijiang National Park contains fourteen scattered territories. Besides, it nears the southwest of Taiwan and the residents devote themselves to aquaculture fish. When the National Park was set up, it could interfere with the work of residents. If Taijiang National Park couldn’t have nice interactions with residents, it could cause conflict between them. Therefore, this study discusses the interaction between Taijiang National Park and community residents with a case of Taijiang Guardian Circle Project. Through documentary analysis and in-depth interviews, this article defines the meaning and characteristics of collaboration and realizes the relationships between conflict and cooperation in other National Parks. The study generalizes three aspects: identity, participation and collaboration from information. They compare with the governance collaboration process, face-to-face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding, intermediate outcomes, that advocated by Ansell & Gash. This model can be used to understand the viewpoint of stakeholders and reply attitude after collaboration. Thus, the study analizes the difference from Taijiang Guardian Circle Project to community residents and discusses the level of citizen participation. For the identity aspect, the study analyses the consensus from different points of view. In order to enhance identity with one-another, Taijiang National Park establish community place of Taijiang Guardian Circle Project. Here they have lessons to educate residents, and develop local industry. However, it is difficult to build trust with community residents, different ideas and goal, as well as a lack of trust. For the participation aspect, community residents can’t be involved in public affairs about their own initiative. On a ladder of citizen participation, community residents reach from level-three to level-six. From the collaboration aspect, the implementation of each goal will cause too many problems as a result of collaboration. So, the elements of a successful collaboration have to build-up to the identity aspect, participation aspect, and collaboration aspect. Besides, Taijiang National Park has to make community residents understand their core values. These residents can have consensus on interaction and communication continuously, allowing successful collaboration.

參考文獻


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