以公私合產探討鷄籠中元祭之運作

The Study of Operation of Keelung Ghost Festivel: Pespectives of Coproduction

許浩勇(HAO-YUNG HSU)

指導教授 ： 張世賢

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

鷄籠中元祭最初是由民間自主舉辦，然自民國七十三年基隆市政府參與協同辦理後，其內容就不再僅有傳統的祭典科儀，亦融入許多藝文活動且獲得正名。但有關鷄籠中元祭議題的研究，主要聚焦於歷史脈絡、儀式介紹與觀光行銷方向，尚未從公共政策的角度探討維持節慶活動運作之議題。據此，本研究將鷄籠中元祭作為個案研究，試圖以合產的觀點檢視其發展過程中，政府部門扮演的角色、各利害關係人間的互動關係，藉此探究維持鷄籠中元祭運作之因素與限制。
　　本研究首先透過整理鷄籠中元祭相關文獻，以瞭解鷄籠中元祭基本運作的方式與內容之轉變。次之，釐清新公共治理中協力、共治、共管、公私夥伴關係等概念，最終以合產理論為基礎建構合產運作模型，並對政府部門及民間部門各重要利害關係進行訪談，檢視各合產因素如何透過兩造間的互動所形成，以及對於鷄籠中元祭運作之影響。最後，根據理論與實務的結合，提供政府部門及民間部門關鍵利害關人改善相關問題之策略性建議。
　　經由合產模型的檢視，本研究發現維持鷄籠中元祭運作最關鍵的因素為輪值主普宗親會的參與動機所形成的無形規範，而政府部門主要是與民間部門建立支持網絡，以提供其所需的協助及輔導。在制度安排方面，政府及民間部門藉由召開籌備會、協調會、檢討會與研習活動，以利相互溝通及完備事前準備工作；催化領導方面，主要是透過副市長作為掮客於相關會議中整合各方意見。此外，鷄籠中元祭運作面臨最大的限制是公民缺乏參與動機，造成活動推動者（宗親會）的式微，故政府及民間部門須共同努力，以強化市民的在地認同及參與動機。

關鍵字

中元祭 ； 治理 ； 合產 ； 協力 ； 公私夥伴關係

並列摘要

Keelung Ghost Festival originally was held by non-governmental organizations. After the Keelung City Government had involved since 1984, it was not only just the traditional ritual, but also integrated into many art activities and named. However, the studies on Keelung Ghost Festival issues mainly focused on the historical context, ritual presentation or tourism marketing. They didn’t discuss how to maintain festival operation in view of public policy yet. Accordingly, this study chooses Keelung Ghost Festival as a case, attempting to examine its development process what the government agencies play roles and how stakeholders shape their interactions and relationships from coproduction perspectives in order to explore factors and limitations of operation of Keelung Ghost Festival.
　　Firstly, this study through literature review understands the basic operations and turns of Keelung Ghost Festival. Secondly, it clarifies New Public Governance in Collaboration, Co-governance, Co-management, Public-private partnership before applying Coproduction model based on coproduction theory, and then interviews stakeholders from public or private sector to examine how the various factors of production is formed through interacting with each other and impacts on operation of Keelung Ghost Festival. Finally, combining theory and practice provides stakeholders strategic advices about improving the activity-related problems.
　　Through coproduction model, this study finds the key factor of maintaining Keelung Ghost Festival is intangible norms shaped from the Association for People with Family’s participant motivations. Otherwise, the public sector mainly builds support network with private sector to provide their assistances. In terms of institutional arrangements, public and private sectors convene preparatory meetings, coordination meetings, evaluation meetings and institutes to facilitate communication with each other and complete the preparatory works. In terms of facilitative leadership, the deputy mayor of Keelung as a broker integrates opinions among all parties. Furthermore, the biggest limitation of Keelung Ghost Festival’s operation is the lack of citizen’s participant motivations results in the decline of the Association for People with Family. Therefore, public and private sectors need to work together in order to enhance citizen’s local identities and participant motivations.

並列關鍵字

Ghost Festival ； Governance ； Coproduction ； Collaboration ； Public-Private Partnerships

參考文獻

曾子良，2005，〈雞籠中元祭之傳統及其當代轉化之探討〉，《海洋大學海洋文化學刊》，1：37-66。

陳定銘、陳樺潔、游靖宇，2012，〈政府與客家社團協力指標之析探〉，《行政暨政策學報》，54：41-82。

吳蕙芳，2006，〈基隆中元祭的淵源與發展〉，《白沙人文社會學報》，5：85-115。

吳蕙芳，2009，〈基隆中元祭裡的主普壇〉，《東華人文學報》，15：221-262。

李柏諭，2005，〈公私協力與社區治理的理論與實務：我國社區大學與政府經驗〉，《公共行政學報》，16：59-160。