微型創業關鍵存活因素之探討－以零售業為例

The Key Survival Factors of Micro-enterprise: An Exploratory Study in Retailing Industry

彭成義(Chen-Yi Peng)

指導教授 ： 張惠真

國立臺北大學/商學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究目的為二，首先欲瞭解國內微型創業面對不同年限階段之關鍵存活因素為何。其次提供主管機關針對微型創業規畫是當輔導策略之參酌。
國內微型創業風潮雖興盛，但能否持續生存卻是微型創業者的最大挑戰。與以往有關企業關鍵成功因素、創新價值相關研究不同，本研究結合學者Song(2008)所提出新創企業關鍵成功因素，以及Timmons(1999)之「資源、機會、團隊」創業模式為探討之觀念架構，針對已創業之微型企業，以深度訪談的方式，探索其創業經營歷程所遭遇的關鍵問題。研究結果以符合國內微型創業背景與目的之務實觀點，提出微型企業創業歷程可能遭遇之關鍵存活問題，以提高其存活與持續營運之機率外；同時亦提供主管機關針對微型創業規畫適當輔導策略之參酌。
本研究透過質性研究方法訪談16家微型零售業，探索微型創業者面臨何種關鍵存活因素與其問題解決方式。研究結果中發現：微型企業初期創業時，尚無法適應產業環境，對機會仍處於摸索階段，訊息掌握不夠快速，加上不具備創業經驗(或能力)、無法掌握資源(有效運用資金)，成為其初期是否能存活之關鍵因素；然經過一段時間之後，由於學習效果的顯現，經由改善自身的經營體質後，外在環境機會的變動與不確定性降低，微型創業者能否尋求適當之資源成為其存活關鍵因素，並印證Timmons的創業理論架構中，認為在創業前，機會的發掘與選擇最為重要；創業的初期關鍵在於團隊的組成；新事業順利啟動後，才會增加對資源的需求的觀點。

關鍵字

微型創業 ； 資源 ； 機會 ； 創業團隊 ； 關鍵存活因素

並列摘要

Being different from former researches related to the issues of key successful factors and new value creation, this study is trying to propose a more practical and feasible point of view to new micro-enterprises. This paper integrates the key successful factors of new ventures from Song et al.(1999) and the resources, opportunities and team model from Timmons(2008) into the conceptual framework, and explores the key survival factors that micro-enterprises face in the process of starting and operating enterprises. We use in-depth interviewing method to collect data from entrepreneurs who established micro-enterprises in retailing industry. After data collecting and analyzing, this study provides the key survival factors during the process of starting and operating the micro-enterprises on year-based. This paper also offers suggestions for entrepreneurs in managing new micro-enterprises and in reducing the risk of failures.
To explore the key survival factors and their problem solutions that micro-enterprises might face, the author employed an in-depth interviewing approach by interviewing 16 micro-retailers. The results showed that the key survival factors in the early process of starting new ventures are: (1) Micro-enterprises are unfamiliar with the industrial environment which leads to their disability to explore the opportunities, to acquire information rapidly. (2) Micro-enterprises cannot manage their resources because of lacking entrepreneurial experiences (or capability). After the early stage of starting new ventures, the improvement of micro-enterprises’ management by learning and the reduction of external environment’s uncertainty will be the key survival factors for micro-enterprises to seek for available resources. This finding is consistent with Timmons’ entrepreneurial theory. The author found that the exploration and selection of opportunities are vital before starting new ventures; the combination of entrepreneurial team is the key factor in the early stage of starting new ventures; and the demand of resources is the most important thing after the early stage of starting new ventures.

並列關鍵字

Micro-enterprise ； Resources ； Opportunity ； Entrepreneurial Team ； Key Survival Factors

參考文獻

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