犯罪少年親子關係的蛻變─重回連結脈絡的自主發展

Transformation of Parent-Child Relationship in Juvenile Delinquents:Autonomy Development Back to the Connection Context

蔣易珊(YI-SHAN CHIANG)

指導教授 ： 孫世維

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

國內許多實證研究，多以預防之角度來探討家庭因素對青少年偏差與犯罪行為的影響，以及針對少年再犯成因做初探，較少針對少年犯罪後，親子面對此危機的困境以及因應歷程。
因此本研究以質性研究方法，來探究初次進入少年觀護所之少年，如何解讀少年觀護所之經驗，對日後親子間的相處產生什麼影響，研究目的有三：一、瞭解犯罪少年進入少年觀護所後，親子連結與少年自主之動力有什麼變化。二、呈現犯罪少年親子關係的磨合歷程。三、透過犯罪少年的角度來闡述親子關係的蛻變，作為未來親職教育內容、活動以及犯罪少年出所返家的準備工作之參照。
犯罪少年親子關係之蛻變分為三階段：一、犯罪前的親子關係—子方自主變調來自失功能之親職，促使親方日後難以執掌管控之角色，進而使親子關係呈現疲乏連結下的失控自主。二、進入少年觀護所之親子動力—子方受困的自主，隨著自主調整以及親情連結，而重新審視親情的觀點。三、離開少年觀護所之親子磨合—子方重回關係脈絡中與親方拉扯與協調，逐漸朝向穩固親子連結之路前進。
本研究所選擇的犯罪少年，是依據以下兩個指標：1.受訪少年的親方是有心管教但無力管教的父母；2.受訪少年的親方在子女進入少年觀護所中，都要有固定接見少年的經驗。故本研究結果只能應用於本研究類型與特性之少年，而不代表所有的犯罪少年。依研究發現，提出以下結論：一、犯罪少年缺乏連結的變調自主。二、犯罪少年之親方在管教上是「不能」而非「不願」。三、犯罪少年改變的契機—把握親子修復之機會。四、少年自主發展與情感連結之密不可分。
根據研究發現，本文分別對少年觀護所、輔導機構以及家長給與建議，希冀讓犯罪少年的親子關係有新的轉圜機會。

關鍵字

犯罪少年；親子關係；少年觀護所；連結與自主

並列摘要

Many domestic empirical studies explore the influence of family factors on juvenile delinquents and criminal behaviors from the preventative perspective as well as conducting preliminary study on causes of juvenile recidivism. Few studies have focused on the dilemma and crisis response faced by the family.
For this reason, the study conducts qualitative research method to discuss how to interpret the experiences of juveniles entering juvenile detention center for the first time and the influence on the parent-child relationship in the future. The three research objectives include the follows: 1. To understand the changes between parent-child connection and motivation for juvenile autonomy after the delinquent juveniles enter the juvenile detention center. 2. To present the process of wearing in for the parent-child relationship of delinquent juveniles. 3. Elaborate the transformation of parent-child relationship as the reference for the content future parental education, activities and preparation work for delinquent juveniles returning home through the perspective of delinquent juveniles.
The transformation of parent-child relationship for delinquent juveniles are divided into three phases: 1. parent-child relationship before committing crime –distortion of child autonomy comes from dysfunctional parenting, driving the parents to take the role with difficulty in control in the future, thereby leading the parent-child relationship to appear lost of control in autonomy under fatigue connectivity. 2. Parent-child motivation upon entering juvenile detention center – Trapped autonomy of the child, the perspective of reviewing parental relationship following adjustment in autonomy and parental connection. 3. The parent-child wearing in upon leaving the juvenile detention center – the child returning to the relationship context to implicate and coordinate with the parents, who gradually move forwards to the path of stable parent-child connection.
This research selected juvenile delinquents according to two criteria: 1. juveniles'
parents had the intention to discipline the child, but had no competence to make it come true; 2. the parents needed to have experiences of meeting juveniles regularly upon entering the juvenile detention center. The study results could only apply to the juveniles with types and characteristics indicated in this study, and they do not represent all juvenile delinquent. The following conclusion is proposed in accordance with the research finds: 1. Juvenile delinquents’distortion autonomy due to lack of connection. 2. In terms of disciplines, the parents of juvenile delinquents are "incapable" and not "unwilling." 3. Opportunities of change for juvenile delinquents – Grasp the opportunities of restoring parent-child relationship with the juveniles. 4. The development of juvenile autonomy is closely related to the connection of emotions.
According to research finds, the paper proposes recommendations to the juvenile detention center, counseling institutions and the parents in attempt to offer new opportunities for changes in the parent-child relationship in juvenile delinquents.

並列關鍵字

juvenile delinquent ； parent-child relationship ； Juvenile Detention Center ； connectedness and autonomy

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