生質能環境足跡盤查之研究－以液態生質燃料為例

Assessing Environmental Footprints of Biomass Energy – The Example of Liquid Biofuels

葉倩華(Chien-Hua Yeh)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

隨著全球能源存量日漸枯竭，人類飽受能源危機之衝擊，需迫切尋求潔淨及可再生性能源。由於生質燃料具有安全、潔淨、可再生之特性，被視為是能解決能源危機及環境問題之能源。國際能源總署(IEA)指出運輸部門為2005-2030年第二大的能源使用者，對石油的使用量更居各部門之冠，因此液態生質燃料之煉製技術在近年來被積極研發、改良。
本研究參考國內外液態生質燃料之相關文獻，選取以甘蔗、甘藷、稻稈為料原之生質酒精及以油菜籽、大豆、廢食用油為料原之生質柴油為標的，彙整各液態生質燃料之碳足跡、水足跡，並加以計算生態效率。
結果顯示，在碳足跡及水足跡部分，均以甘薯生質酒精與油菜籽生質柴油之為較低；在生態效率部分，以甘薯生質酒精與廢食用油生質柴油為較高。惟液態生質燃料之煉製技術有待進一步研發及改進，以增加產量，減少我國能源進口之比例，亦能降低全球之能源危機。此外，生質燃料產業之發展需政府長期、穩定的規劃。

關鍵字

生質燃料,環境足跡,碳足跡,水足跡,生態效率

並列摘要

Since the global energy reserves become exhausted, human beings are suffering from the impact of energy crisis and urgently need to seek the clean and renewable energy sources. Biofuels are considered to be able to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems for they are safe, clean and renewable. The International Energy Agency (IEA) indicated that the transport sector is the second largest energy user during the period of 2005-2030; furthermore, the use of oil ranks to the first among all sectors. Therefore, the refining technology of liquid biofuels has been researched and improved actively in recent years.
This study referenced some relevant researches of liquid biofuels then selected sugar cane, sweet potato, rice straw as feedstocks for bioethanol and rapeseed, soybean, waste cooking oil as feedstocks for biodiesel. Finally, analyzed the carbon footprint, water footprint and calculated the eco-efficiency of those liquid biofuels.
The results show that the carbon footprint and water footprint of the bioethanol from sweet potato and the biodiesel from the rapeseed are lower. And the eco-efficiency of the bioethanol from sweet potato and biodiesel from the waste cooking oil are higher. However, the refining technology of liquid biofuels need to be further developed and improved in order to increase production and reduce the proportion of energy imports, and also mitigate the global energy crisis. Besides, the industry of biofuels needs to be developed by a long-term and stable planning from the government.

並列關鍵字

Biofuel, Environmental Footprint, Carbon Footprint, Water Footprint, Eco-efficiency.

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