隨著都市的發展,土地利用朝向立體化發展,造成垂直空間的產權複雜,傳統的二維地籍已無法滿足複雜土地使用的管理需求,必須透過三維地籍來管理土地的立體化利用,明確界定三維產權空間範圍並提供真實世界的視覺化呈現。國際上也積極推動三維地籍,國際測量師聯合會(FIG)自2010年起進行5年的推動計畫,鼓勵各國研擬發展並計畫每年度辦理成果研討會。三維建物模型為表現三維地籍的重要圖徵,多數研究著重三維建物模型外觀的呈現,而三維地籍建物模型除了建物外觀之外,還包含建物屬性資料,因此可以視覺化呈現三維產權空間範圍並進行三維產權管理,將三維地籍建物模型整合其他相關資訊後可進行加值應用。 三維地籍可由技術、管理及法制面進行推動,由於三維地籍技術為目前土地資源管理中所必須迫切解決的問題,故本研究以技術面為探討方向,進行三維地籍建物模型建置之作業探討,以建物測量成果圖為基礎資料建立建物樓層平面圖,加上樓層高度資料後匯出為立體建物,再利用建物竣工平面圖進行細緻建物結構之繪製,完成三維地籍建物模型之建置,並依據不同資料類型提出在作業過程中之問題處理,訂定標準作業流程及推動策略,以減少作業過程中之人工介入,達到快速建置三維地籍建物模型之目的。
Urban land use toward three-dimensional development has led to construction of more complicated and high-rise properties. Traditional 2D cadastre is unable to manage the complexity of land use, therefore 3D cadastre management becomes a necessity. Since 2010 FIG is conducting a 5 year 3D cadastre promotion plan and annual conferences to encourage 3D cadastre development projects. 3D building model is an important object in 3D cadastre. Most researches have emphasized on 3D visualization of the buildings only, whereas 3D cadastre building model includes 3D visualization and associated attributes to enable both 3D model presentation and 3D property management. Once the model is constructed, the 3D building data are integrated with land information and hence can be used as important foundation for future multipurpose applications. Promoting 3D cadastre can be tackled from technology, management and legislation aspects. As current land resource management is facing key technical challenges, this study is focusing on the 3D cadastre building model establishment from the technology point of view. In this research, the 3D cadastre building models are established from the result maps of building surveys. Floor heights are used to aid the exterior building data; as-built drawing or survey are used to construct the interior 3D building model, such as walls, doors, windows and columns. According to different data types, operation problems are identified with proposal for solutions, operating procedure standards, and promotion strategies to reduce manual intervention while enhance overall efficiency.