高中職生的霸凌事件與心理健康

Bully Events and Mental Health among Senior and Vocational High School Students

黃國洋(Kuo-Yang Huang)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究以世代追蹤研究，以一年時間追蹤台北市與新北市773位高中職
一年級學生的霸凌、受凌、霸凌兼受凌（混合型）經驗與其人口、家庭背景、社會支持、心理變項相關性（憂鬱、抽菸習慣）以及三種經驗對一年間心理變項（憂鬱、自尊、酒精使用）的影響。研究以Olweus霸凌受凌自陳量表 (Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire)偵測學生的霸凌、受凌及混合型經驗，以病人健康問卷Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 )測量憂鬱程度，以羅氏自重感量表Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES)測量學生自尊，以多向度支持量表Multi-dimensional support scale (MDSS)測量社會支持，酒精使用量則以計算乙醇單位數與詢問使用頻率（一周或一個月次數）決定。統計分析使用獨立t檢定, 多變量變異數（multivariate analysis of variance, MANOVA）以及邏輯斯回歸(logistic regression)分析資料。研究發現如下：時間點1憂鬱與抽菸習慣與霸凌、受凌經驗有關；時間點1混合型經驗與憂鬱呈現正相關，與社會支持、母親教育程度呈負相關，時間點1的三種經驗並不影響一年間的憂鬱、自尊、酒精使用變化。與一般學生相比，三種經驗中止者有不同的人口、家庭背景以及心理特徵。三種經驗的中止並不影響一年間的心理變項變化。與一般學生相較，持續受凌者並無顯著的人口、家庭或心理學特徵，但在一年間明顯的增加酒精使用量與頻率。新增霸凌或受凌經驗學生並無明顯的人口、家庭背景與心理學特徵，新增經驗也不影響一年間的憂鬱、自尊與酒精使用。

關鍵字

霸凌 ； 被害 ； 憂鬱 ； 心理健康

並列摘要

The main objective of this cohort study was to survey the characteristics of students with bully, victimization and bully-victimization (mixed) experiences and the impact of those experiences on their mental health. A total of 773 1st-grade senior high /vocational school students in Taipei and New Taipei City were recruited and followed up 1 year later. Basic socio-demographic data and smoking habit were surveyed initially, furthermore, bully, victimization and mixed experiences were detected by revised Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire. Depression was measured by PHQ-9；self-esteem by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, social support score by Multi-dimensional Support Scale. Amount (ethanol units) and frequency (times per week or month) of alcohol consumption were also elicited. Same questions were posed at both time points. Statistical analyses were carried out using independent t-test, MANOVA and logistic regression. The results summarized that, all experiences substantially decreased over time. On time point 1 (t1), depression and smoking habit were correlated with bully and victimization；mixed experience was associated with depression and was negatively correlated with social support and mother’s educational level . T1 experiences did not affect differences of depression, self-esteem and alcohol consumption between both time points. Compared with control group, students whose experiences were terminated had different socio-demographic and psychological characteristics. The termination of experiences didn’t have impact on depression, self-esteem and alcohol consumption. Compared with control group, persisted victimization would remarkable affect alcohol consumption in the next year. There were no socio-demographic or psychological differences among control group, new onset bully, victimization experiences. New onset bully and victimization did not affect depression, self-esteem and alcohol consumption within the year of follow-up.

並列關鍵字

bully ； victimization ； depression ； mental health

參考文獻

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