都市化發展是近代人類發展的重要趨勢,全球已有過半數人口居住在都市,都市是經濟活動的重心,也是各種環境問題的焦點。隨著都市擴張、人口密集及高強度發展,都市活動大量使用各種化石能源造成了大量的溫室氣體排放,對於全球氣候變遷造成關鍵性的影響。如何減緩與調適氣候變遷已是各國不容忽視的議題。近年來,都市型態與都市能源使用關係的研究受到各界重視,然而過去相關研究中,多以人口密度、交通運輸、建築物、家庭住宅的資料實證分析,較少將都市空間格局納入考量。有鑑於能源消耗與都市空間結構特性有著密切的關連性,以人口密度、交通運輸、建築物、家庭住宅衡量都市型態與能源消耗略顯不足。 本研究藉由國外相關文獻的探討整理,了解有關都市耗能的研究演變,並找出影響都市耗能的因子,分析比較都市型態與二氧化碳排放之間的影響與差異。本研究範圍以台北都會區之行政區與台灣縣市兩種尺度下做為範疇,並利用多變量分析方法。從縣市與行政區兩個尺度進行因素分析,對社會經濟變量(SEVs)與景觀格局指數(SPMs)進行分組,其次將因素分析結果與能源消耗二氧化碳排放量進行典型相關分析,分析社會經濟變量與景觀格局指數在不同尺度中,分別與能源消耗二氧化碳排放有何關連,並利用其結果進行討論,對未來都市規劃政策與環境氣候變遷調適提出適當的建議。本研究的結論從都市規劃的角度回應對氣候變遷之議題的關注,期待能對人與環境的匱乏關係有所提醒與修補,作為未來能源消耗減緩政策整合上的一個具體建議以供未來規劃政策之參考依據。
Urbanization is an important trend in contemporary human development. More than half of the world’s population is living in urban areas and the growth of urban population is incessant. cities have been the centers of economic activities as well as the focuses of a variety of environmental issues. Urban sprawl anda range of activities associated with cities raise the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly contribute to global GHG emissions.. Urban climate change mitigation and adaptation have been international concern.. In recent years, Many empirical studies revolve the relationships between urban form and urban energy use. However, most of them focused on population density transportation, residential buildings, but less concerned withcharacteristics of urban spatial structure. Based on literature review, this study identify the factors of urban form which probably affect urban energy use. Both socio-economic variables (SEVs) and spatial pattern metrics (SPMs) derived from disticts of Taipei Metropolitan Area as well as counties and cities of Taiwan are examinedby using multivariate analysis. The results of factor analysis reveal different signifiances of these factors. Furthermore, the results of canonical analysis identify the statistical relationships between urban form and urban energy consumption. Finally, this study suggest some recommendations for the future urban planning policies to develop an efficient urban form based on the findings of this empircal analysis.
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