違法吸金犯罪被害人被害歷程之研究

The Victimization Process of Investment Fraud Victims

喻榮台(Rong-Tair Yuh)

指導教授 ： 黃富源

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究之目的，在於研究違法吸金犯罪被害人特質分布，以及探討違法吸金被害人在投入資金的歷程中之決策過程及決意因子，同時建構一般民眾逐步陷入泥淖終至成為被害人之演變脈絡模式，從而研提防制建議。
本研究以法務部調查局91年至96年偵辦移送之違法吸金犯罪類型之案件10案，並以該等案件之受害人219份訪談調查筆錄為資料來源，經過譯碼後統計、描述案件中被害人之人口特質進行統計分析。「人口特徵變項」包括被害人性別、被害年齡、教育程度、婚姻等；「案件互動變項」包括受害金額、與加害人關係、被害因素自我分析及是否同時為加害人等，並將編碼後資料以SPSS、Tosmana等統計軟體進行交叉分析。本研究同時採質化研究方法中之紮根理論法，採立意抽樣，尋找符合研究條件之訪談對象，成功訪談了六位違法吸金案件被害人，並使用電腦軟體WinMAX系統，協助進行原始資料之分析工作。
本研究發現違法吸金投資人在做投資決策時，其實均有個人的觀察與判斷，並依客觀事實將投資情節「合理化」，惟每個人亦同時承認影響判斷之最重要因素，還是沉潛在內心深處的「貪婪」。綜合違法吸金被害之特性為：違法吸金被害係所有詐欺案件中被害金額最高者；親友人脈關係確實是違法吸金案件得以蔓延擴大的主因；違法吸金被害與投資人的教育程度、性別、職業並無顯著性的相關；被害人多半數亦兼具加害人角色；新型吸金態樣係與社會變遷相結合。
本研究歸納被害人受害歷程計分為五個階段，並名之為「ＤＯＮＵＴ」（甜甜圈）過程。包括（一）接觸期（Dream of life）（二）觀察期（Observation）（三）入金期（Nod to invest）（四）加碼期（Upgrade）（五）被害期（Trickery）。
最後，本研究本著價值中立的立場發現，雖然，「貪婪」存在每個人的內心深處，卻是有預防價值的。爰提出法制面、政策面及宣導面之建議，包括修改相關法令並以累計刑度方式處理連續犯、明定銀行法有關之不確定法律概念；成立跨單位聯合偵辦小組、司法單位形成加速偵辦共識、設立「反吸金詐騙專線」；在宣導方面，本研究建議，應全面由學校教育紮根，落實反吸金詐騙宣導及建立正確投資觀念等。

關鍵字

違法吸金犯罪 ； 被害 ； 白領犯罪 ； 詐欺

並列摘要

This study aims to describe and analyze the demographic characteristics and victimization process of investment fraud victims. Through identifying the mechanism and factors in the decision-making process, I construct the victimization process of investment fraud and accordingly discuss the policy implications.
The data are drawn from 10 cases investigated during 2002 and 2007. Interview records of the 219 victims in these cases are recoded and analyzed according to the demographic characteristics and incident characteristics. The demographic characteristics variables coded are: gender, age in the victimization year, education, and marriage status. The incidence characteristics variables are: the sum of loss, relationship with salespersons, self-reported reason of victimization, being offender/salesperson himself/herself. The analysis tools are SPSS and Tosmana statistics software. To complement the quantitative data, I also interviewed selected six victims of investment fraud and then analyze the data with WinMAX.
It is found that the victimized investors in this study had a tendency to ‘rationalize’ their decision-making according to personalized observation and judgment before investing. They also mentioned that the deeply rooted motivation is the greed for making profit. The particularities of investment fraud are: the much higher loss sum compared with general fraud victims and the family tie or acquaintance tie between salespersons and investors. I did not observe any significant concentration of demographic characteristics such as education, gender, and occupation. I did observe the duel role of victims and salespersons in many cases. It is also worth noting that this type of fraud has its background of contemporary social changes.
I conclude five stages of victimization process of investment fraud, namely DONUT process. The DONUT process refers to: Dream of life, Observation, Nod to invest, upgrade, and Trickery.
The major policy implication is that investment fraud can be prevented in spite of the fact that greedy is part of human nature. Suggestions are made to law makers, policy makers and practitioners. First, it is necessary to deter the offenders via reviewing and revising the Banking Act and setting stricter calculation practice of imprisonment terms of offenders. The certainty of executing the Acts could be improved by setting up cross-sector investigation teams, initiating investigation guidelines, opening direct lines of anti-fraud for investors. In terms of propaganda, more emphasis should be placed on school education and social education regarding the investment norms and ethics and proper investment behaviors.

並列關鍵字

illegal fund raising ； victimization ； white-collar crime ； investment fraud

參考文獻

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