海岸濕地之海岸防護經濟效益評估─以台灣彰化海岸濕地為例

Evaluation of Coastal Protection by Coastal Wetlands ─A Case Study of the Taiwan Changhua Coastal Wetland

林君嶽(Chun-Yueh Lin)

指導教授 ： 錢玉蘭

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

台灣彰化海岸位處台灣中部，濱臨台灣海峽，因海峽地形導致沿岸湧浪高於其他地區；且台灣夏季多颱風及熱帶低氣壓，使西部海岸易受暴潮影響。為防止海岸侵蝕威脅到沿岸產業，台灣西部海岸多設置海堤防止侵蝕，根據經濟部水利署民國1 0 0年統計，彰化縣海堤(含防潮堤)長93,072公尺為全台之冠，顯示彰化海岸受海浪侵蝕影響甚鉅。彰化海岸近年的開發行為引起全國民眾普遍地關注，但因國內文獻未曾實證評估彰化海岸濕地的經濟價值，導致民眾難以權衡海岸濕地在開發與保育之間何者為其帶來較高的經濟效益。故本研究旨在建立海岸濕地之海岸防護功能的經濟效益評估模式，並實證推估彰化海岸濕地之海岸防護功能經濟效益，研究成果預期可以提供未來政府相關單位與民眾在取捨開發與保育海岸濕地時參考。
本研究針對彰化海岸濕地具備之海岸防護功能，利用市場價值評估法推估海岸濕地之海岸防護效益。彰化海岸防護功能主要分為海岸侵蝕與暴潮溢淹，根據彰化海岸濕地之海浪高度減緩效果，如泥灘之海浪能量減緩與植被之海浪高度減緩，分別利用趨避成本(averting expenditure)與預防性支出(preventative expenditure)推估海岸防護之經濟效益，經過折現後獲得彰化海岸濕地之海岸防護總經濟效益每年約8,581,490~12,094,701元。

關鍵字

海岸濕地 ； 海岸防護功能 ； 經濟效益評估

並列摘要

The Changhua Coastline had suffered from coastal erosion and overtopping which had caused great damage to the coastal neighborhood and society. In order to prevent from these disasters, the government had spent tons of money and built 93 km long seawall. These evidences shows that the Changhua coast had been a vulnerable place where needed to be protected and restored. Even though people had known the Changhua coastal wetland had been such a weak and vulnerable place, some still intend to overdevelop and degrade this area for economic returns mostly due to unrecognizing the values of ecosystem services provided by this coastal wetland. This study thus aims to evaluate the economic benefits of protecting the coastal area from coastline retreating and overbank flood. The averting expenditure of imposing wave energy dissipating concrete block and preventative expenditure to build seawall are used to estimate the economic benefits from the coastal wetland, and it adds up with the value between 8,581,490~12,094,701 NT dollars per year.

並列關鍵字

coastal wetland,coastal erosion,coastal protection,wave attenuation,economic value

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