兒童性侵害案件量刑因素之研究

Sentencing factors for child sexual assault crime

白佳渝(Pai Chia- Yu)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究分析全國地方法院及少年法院之裁判日期於2009年1月1日起至同年12月31日止第一審有罪之兒童性侵害案件判決書，共選出與兒童性侵害相關的179個案件，以宣告刑期為依變項，特徵、加害人特徵、被害人特徵及法庭組成等因素為自變項，並以交叉分析、卡方檢定與多元迴歸分析等統計方法，分析兒童性侵害案件影響法官量刑之因素，並試圖提出有關兒童性侵害犯罪量刑的參考公式。
經過將案件之加害人與被害人配對分析結果，本研究發現不同年齡層的被害人與加害人前科類型、犯後態度、精神狀況具有顯著關聯性，且具一般前科紀錄的加害人侵害6歲以下的兒童比例最高，而且侵害6歲以下兒童的加害人否認犯行的比例也是最高，加害人精神狀況非正常者也容易尋找6歲以下兒童下手。對於被害人供詞一致性與不同年齡層的被害人，也是具有非常顯著的關聯性，特別是6歲以下的兒童供詞不一致性的比例最高，表示兒童表達能力與年齡息息相關，也印證了兒童證人證言可信度的問題是存在的。
利用多元迴歸分析方法分析結果，發現顯著影響兒童性侵害案件之量刑因素包括：刑法第222條加重強制性交罪、第227條第2項兩小無猜合意猥褻罪、第225條第2項乘機猥褻罪、憫恕之情、加害人精神狀況、既遂與否。而對於研究樣本數最多的刑法第227條第1項及第224條之1二種犯罪類型，利用逐步回歸分析，發現影響前者量刑之因素包括：憫恕之情、加害人精神狀況、既遂與否、辯護人、加害人與被害人為男女朋友關係；後者則只有憫恕之情一個因素，這些因素對於法官審理兒童性侵害案件皆具有一定程度之解釋力與預測力。

最後，本研究針對個案數較多之刑法第224條之1及第227條第1項，分別提出量刑參考公式。至於分析中具有顯著影響量刑結果的「聘請辯護人與否」應不應該被納入刑法第227條第1項量刑公式中，以及法官受理兒童性侵害案件應有之認知、未來修法之方向等，本研究發現之重要爭議課題，也在文末加以討論。

關鍵字

兒童性侵害 ； 量刑 ； 科刑標準

並列摘要

This study analyzes court verdicts of child violation of guilt in first trials from district and juvenile courts nationwide dating from January 1st, 2009 to the end of the year. The pronounced prison term is set as dependent variable and characteristics of perpetrators as well as victims, the make-up of courts and so on as independent variables. The studyt picks up 179 cases related to child violation, analyzing factors affecting judges measuring penalties of such cases by way of statistical methods such as cross-over analysis, card-side examination and multiple regression analysis, trying to propose a formula for reference in dealing with the measurement of punishment of child violation.

After pair-analyzing perpetrators and victims of the cases, this study finds obvious correlations in victims of various ages, perpetrators’ crime record types, their attitudes after crime commitment and their mentalities. In addition, perpetrators with general crime records form the largest part of those guilty of violating children under 6 years old and those denying their crimes. What is more, perpetrators with abnormal states of mind are inclined to lapse into crimes against children under 6 years old, too. Discrepancies also exist in the evidence of victims of various ages and the consistency of their confessions, and children under 6 years old make up the majority of those with inconsistent confessions, showing that children’s capabilities of expressing themselves surely have a lot to do with their ages, proving that credibility problems exist in childrens’ confessions.

With the aid of multiple regression analysis, one finds that factors affecting penalty measurement of child violation include article 222nd (cumulative composed sexual intercourse crime), item 2nd article 227th (mutually-agreed fornication crime), and item 2nd article 225th (stochastic obscene) of the Criminal Law, as well as pity and forgiveness, mentalities of perpetrators, and whether or not the crimes are accomplished. In relation to the two crime types (item 1st article 227th and article 224-1st ) of the Criminal Law which compose the largest part of the study sample, factors influencing penalty measurement, found through stepwise regression analysis, in the former are inclusive of pity and forgiveness, perpetrators’ states of mind, whether the offenses are accomplished, the defenders, and the relationships between perpetrators and victims, while in the latter only pity and forgiveness - but all

contribute to interpretation and prediction to some degree in judges’ trials of child violation cases. This study particularly deals with article 224-1st and item 1st article 227th of the Criminal Law, which make up most of the cases, individually proposing reference formula to measure penalties.

並列關鍵字

child sexual assult ； sentence ； sentencing guidelines

參考文獻

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