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  • 學位論文

臺灣社會住宅之研究-歷史制度主義觀點

The Study of Social Housing in Taiwan-Historical Institutionalism Perspective

指導教授 : 曾明遜
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摘要


社會住宅議題隨著臺灣高房價問題而備受關注,不過從政府所提出各種類型的公共住宅似乎未能釐清社會住宅的本質,從而本研究從自由觀、權利觀與正義觀認為社會住宅是作為穩定市場的調節機制、是彰顯出人民基本的居住權利以及是實現社會正義的一環,據此為了協助被市場排除的弱勢者解決居住問題,無論是政府或者非營利組織所提供只租不賣之住宅,均屬於社會住宅,其必須具備一定數量、居住品質以及優先保障弱勢者的特點,實際上臺灣過去所提供的出租國民住宅、平價住宅即是類似於社會住宅之發展。 然而其之所以未能大規模推動,同時也比起其他國家發展較晚,似乎與路徑依賴的現象有關,透過歷史制度主義觀點探討,本研究歸納出四點特徵:第一,早期制度是以自有住宅為初始發展,政府並非選擇社會住宅一途,影響後續制度的建構與發展;第二,在「住者有其屋」的意識形態下,難以脫離國民住宅出售模式;第三,突破路徑依賴有賴社會基層力量持續推動;不過基於第四,制度轉換成本高,增加政府提供社會住宅的難度。這使得現有推動問題為政府將社會住宅視為選舉籌碼,僅就硬體部分興建,但對於社會住宅具體運作方式仍未有定論;又或者臺北市所推出的公營住宅,不完全符合社會住宅之精神,照顧弱勢上顯有不足。 有鑒於受到過去制度結構的影響下,要改變原有的政策模式實屬不易,特別是扭轉刻板印象,因此社會住宅制度應階段性推動,第一階段政府應正視居住問題,先運用既有政策手段協助解決,並進行社會住宅先期規劃;第二階段政府應釐清社會住宅定位,並建構社會住宅制度;第三階段則由政府或私人執行社會住宅興建。

並列摘要


Over the years, the social housing policy issue is more concerned in Taiwan by the phenomenon of higher price level in the house market. However, there is no exist one powerful policy of public housing that define the nature of social housing by government provides. Even the choice from the policy of social housing is multiple and disputed. So this study elaborates the Connotation of social housing with the concept of freedom, right and justice. We find social housing is a market adjustment mechanism to stabilize housing market, the right to adequate housing to recognition of people's basic rights, and it is also social justice to protect vulnerable persons. It is existence to solve the housing problem in order to help the disadvantage who is excluded from market. We think social housing meaning that whether government or non-profit organizations to provide the rental housing belonging to social housing, it must have the characteristics of a certain quantity, the quality of the living and give priority to protecting vulnerable persons. Actually, the public rent housing and low-income housing which was provided by government in the past is similar to social housing. I try to analyze the policy of social housing in Taiwan in this thesis, “path dependence” can seemingly be explained why social housing could not be reached a large-scale development and later than other countries. It can find four features of social housing in Taiwan. We find four features of social housing in Taiwan: 1. Government chose the sale of public housing but not social housing initially, and it causes institution construction and development in the future; 2. In the ideology of home ownership, it’s difficult that change the mode of sale of public housing; 3. To break path dependence is need to rely on social forces; 4. Because institution conversioncosts are high, it’s difficult that government provides social housing. These cause problem that government regards social housing as elections chips, and government just construct building, not have operating system. Besides, the government in Taipei provides public housing which does not have the spirit of social housing partly. Eventually, according to institutional-structural in the past, it’s not easy to change original model, especially to change stereotype. So we think social housing should be developed step by step. The first step is that government should formally face housing problem and solve it with original policy. Because institution is not completed, government requires adance planning for social housing. The second step is that government should clarify the positioning of social housing and coustruct it. And the third step government or housing associations provide social housing.

參考文獻


張馨文(2010),現代主義社會住宅的在地實踐:以高雄「福音新村」為例,私立中原大學建築研究所碩士論文。
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陳姿樺(2016)。新加坡組屋政策之研究-兼論對臺灣社會住宅的參考意〔碩士論文,逢甲大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6341%2ffcu.M0319459
袁增嘉(2016)。弱勢者對住宅補貼政策選擇之研究 -以臺中市為例〔碩士論文,逢甲大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6341%2ffcu.M0301974
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李子瑋(2013)。臺北市社會住宅政策之探討:政策工具觀點〔碩士論文,國立中興大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0005-0006202200000029

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