泰雅族地區自然資源利用與保育策略研究-以「馬告國家公園北泰雅區域為例」

Strategic Planning for Utilization and Conservation of Natural Resources in Tayal Aboriginal Area - A Case Study at the Ma-Kau National Park

高進明(Chin-Ming Kao)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究以北泰雅馬告地區範圍區域為例，目的旨在泰雅族祖先對土地的信仰，殷殷的告誡後輩子孫土地是我們的生命，泰雅族認為自然資源互動所結晶的生態智慧來自於對土地的愛與信仰，因為他們的信念與智慧長久保護這片山林河川，才能有現在的經濟發展與生態資源，泰雅族的祖先用生命世世代代守護這片土地才能開花結果，其中自然資源利用的區域，以「傳統領域」界定與部落間相互依存的默契。我們不希望現在的教育制度、法令政策、社會經濟壓力讓泰雅族必需切斷他們和土地的臍帶，失去生命的泉源。本研究從教育制度、法令政策觀念上的突破與轉向，對泰雅族的正視與重視，來建構一個非都市觀點的文化生態教育環境，教育都市人、教育失根的泰雅族人、教育漠視土地生命的人。再者，本研究建議探討馬告地區的泰雅族，使用森林自然資源的目的，以及泰雅族傳統土地制度之變遷與影響，離析出至今使用情形及目前所產生的現況問題。關鍵在於泰雅族本身對傳統土地利用的內涵，社會的結構接近徹底改變，在傳統社會的結構的改變中，日領佔台後，實施殖民化政策，並以強大的武力征服台灣的住民，為便於搜刮台灣山林自然資源，除積極整體土地，建立在地籍管理外，於1928年制定「森林事業規程」，將山地區分「要存置林野」、「不要存置林野」及「準要存置林野」等三種土地，其中區分為「準要存置林野」又稱「番人所要地」，專供山地原住民使用，為今日原住民保留地之基礎。1988年台灣四十年來實施的戒嚴法廢止，台灣社會運動蓬勃發展，其中原住民族的「還我土地」運動，應運而生，及至新政府掌權對原住民族，在簽訂「新伙伴關係七大承認」中，承認恢復原住民族傳統領域及自然主權，闡述原住民保留地「準要存置林野」外之土地權利。

關鍵字

泰雅族 ； 原住民族 ； 傳統領域 ； 自然主權

並列摘要

This planning confined the range to northern Tayal Ma-Kau territory as an example, aimed to announce that the ancestors of Tayal believe in land and admonish future generations that land is a part of our lives. Tayal clans think that the ecological wisdom generated from interactions with natural resources is originating in the love and faith to the land. Also just because of their protecting, they made both economic development and ecological resource available. The ancestors of Tayal protected the land with their lives and the territories of using natural resources are defined by “traditional areas” and tacit understanding between tribes. We don’t want affected by current education system, policies and pressure of social economy, which makes us disconnected with land and source of life.
The planning started with making a breakthrough and direction changing from education system and policy concept in order to think highly of Tayal and establish an anti- urbanization aspect of cultural eco-educational environment, and to educate people in big cities, Tayal clans who lost their roots and the ones who ignored the life of land. Secondly, this planning suggested to look into the purpose of Tayal clans at Ma-Kau area using forest natural resources and the change of traditional land system of Tayal, trying to analyze the situation of usage and current problems. The point was the significance of traditional land use and the structure of society has also totally changed. Ever since Japanese occupied Taiwan and enforced the colonization policies, they subdued the aborigines by strong forces. In order to seize natural forest resources of Taiwan, Japanese carried out land administration and has drawn up “Rules of forest industries”, divided uplands into categories of “conservation area”, “non-conservation area” and “quasi-conservation area”. The “quasi-conservation area” also named “land of aborigines”, which’s especially for aborigines and that’s the basis of aboriginal conservation area.
In 1988, martial law implemented for four decades has been abolished, many social activities developed vigorously, the activity named “recover our lost territories” came with the tide of fashion. Finally, when the new government exercised political power, “The seven recognition of new companionship” has been subscribed and revived aboriginal traditional areas and the sovereignty of nature, also described the rights of land use beyond the aboriginal conservation area.

並列關鍵字

Tayal ； aborigine ； traditional areas ； the sovereignty of nature

參考文獻

王梅霞，2003，《從gaga的多義性看泰雅族的社會性質》，1（1）：77-14台灣人類學刊（前言）。

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行政院農業委員會相關法規：森林法、野生動物保育法、國家公園法。

巴蘇亞˙博伊哲努，2002，《思考原住民》，台北：前衛。

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