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  • 學位論文

台灣貪污犯罪與區域發展之關係:2004-2008年

Corruption and regional development in Taiwan:2004-2008

指導教授 : 周愫嫻
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摘要


一、研究目的:為瞭解台灣各縣市區域發展與貪污犯罪之關係,本研究以初探性研究觀點並由犯罪學理論角度切入,研析台灣各縣市區域發展與貪污犯罪的關係。研究目的主要有三: (一)蒐集現有司法院、法務部、主計處、經濟建設委員會、內政部及教育部等中央各部會及各縣市官方統計資料,瞭解台灣各縣市貪污犯罪問題及區域發展差異。 (二)以區域犯罪學理論觀點,研析台灣各縣市之人口結構、經濟成長與政治差異性等區域發展因素是否會影響該地之貪污犯罪率高低。 (三)前述區域發展因素的確若有影響一地之貪污犯罪率高低時,未來得否建立一套以區域為單位之「縣市廉潔指標」,作為評鑑或改善地方貪污犯罪之參考。 二、研究對象:台灣各縣市貪污犯罪人數資料以司法院公布各地方法院第一審判決有罪確定之統計資料為主,資料年度為2004年至2008年五年期間,判決罪名為違反「貪污治罪條例」及「刑法瀆職罪章」二項刑事案件為主。研究依變項包括:貪污犯罪人數、貪污犯罪率及貪污犯罪成長率三項。 三、研究方法:蒐集國內及國外貪污犯罪相關研究文獻資料及各項官方統計之二手資料(次級資料),以及天下雜誌「幸福縣市調查」調查資料,擇訂與貪污犯罪較有關聯之參考指標,採用相關係數及迴歸分析統計方法進行實證研究分析。 四、研究結果: (一)各縣市貪污犯罪指標的差異:使用不同的貪污犯罪指標會使各縣市貪污現象或犯罪分布趨勢呈現很大的差異性。例如:貪污犯罪人數最多縣市集中於都會區,以台北縣市、高雄縣市及桃園縣三區人數最多;貪污犯罪率卻以偏遠地區為高,如台東縣、宜蘭縣及花蓮縣三地;貪污犯罪成長率則以彰化縣、基隆市及新竹縣市成長最快。 (二)區域發展對於貪污犯罪指標的影響:以2004年至2008年人口結構、經濟及政治因素因素為例,人口密度、執法人數比例及都市建設三個區域發展因素對於未來一年貪污犯罪人數多寡具有統計上之顯著影響力;但對貪污犯罪率及犯罪成長率則無明顯差異。 五、研究建議:首先,對於都會區的貪污犯罪防制,建議縮小城鄉差距及平衡廉潔差異以降低貪污誘因。第二,在非都會區的貪污犯罪防制,建議內化廉潔意識及提昇法治觀念以強化監督機制。第三,對於整體國家廉政機制部分,建議應設置專責機構,展現優質廉政作為。最後,也期許政府能以建構衡平及多面向之廉潔指標,作為提昇國家競爭力之重要目標。

並列摘要


1.Research Objectives: This research aims to understand the relationship between corruption and regional development. An exploratory method is adopted to analyze the relationship between corruption and regional development in all cities and counties in Taiwan based on criminology theories. The research objectives are as the following: a.Collect official statistics data from Judicial Yuan, Ministry of Justice, Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Council for Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of The Interior, Ministry of Education and other central government institutions and city and county governments to analyze corruption and difference in regional development in all cities and counties. b.Analyze the influence of demographics, economic growth, difference in politics and other regional factors on local corruption in all cities and counties. c.If the above-mentioned regional development factors do have an impact on the corruption rate, this study will provide reference to whether or not a city/county integrity indicator needs to be established for each region for evaluation or to reduce corruption. 2.Research objects: Based on data published by Judicial Yuan between 2004 to 2008, number of people found guilty on first trial of violating of Anti-Corruption Statute or Offenses of Malfeasance in Office. Research variables include number of corruption convicts, corruption rate, growth rate of corruption. 3.Research method: empirical research is conducted using correlation and regression analysis based on the comparison between literature related to corruption collected from Taiwan and abroad, secondary data of official statistics, the result of “Happy City/County Survey” by Common Wealth Magazine and other corruption-related indicators. 4.Research result: a.Difference in corruption indicators between all cities and counties: Different corruption indicators will greatly influence the distribution of corruption or criminal cases. For example, urban areas such as Taipei City/County, Kaohsiung City/County and Taoyuan County have the highest number of corruption cases. However remote areas have the highest corruption rate. These areas include Taitung County, Yilan County and Hualien County. Changhua County, Keelung County and Hsinchu County have the highest growth rate in corruption. b.Regional development’s impact on corruption indicators: Take demographics, economic and political factors from 2004 to 2008 for example. Population density, the number of law-enforcers, and urban development have a significant impact on the number of corruption cases in the region. However, these do not cause a significant difference in corruption rate and growth rate of corruption. 5. Research recommendations: First, for the prevention of corruption in urban areas, we should narrow the gap between urban and suburban development and integrity to reduce incentives for corruption. Secondly, for the prevention of corruption in suburban areas, we should promote a sense of integrity and awareness of rule of law. Third, at a national level, we need an anti-corruption mechanism, and therefore an anti-corruption agency should be established in order to promote integrity at all levels of government. It is greatly hoped that our government will establish a balanced, well-rounded integrity index in order to improve our national competitiveness.

參考文獻


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