對外直接投資對我國製造業Malmquist TFP指數之影響-依產業別區分

The impact of outward FDI on Malmquist TFP of Taiwan's Manufacturing sector by industries.

余奕慶(Yi-Ching Yu)

指導教授 ： 徐芳霞

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/經濟學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

自1990年開始，政府開放國內廠商赴大陸投資，更引起另一波對外投資的熱潮，許多人不免擔心產業陸續西移，將加速國內資本外流的速度，阻礙國內資本形成。那麼我國的對外直接投資活動究竟對我國產業生產力將造成什麼影響？
本文將以台灣1991年至2001年間製造業14個中分類產業為研究對象，採用兩階段進行分析。首先利用資本與勞動作為投入要素，國內生產毛額作為投入產出，以求得各產業Malmquist生產力指數及相關之效率變動指數。第二階段將製造業中業別依產業關聯程度高低及內外銷相對比率大小，將製造業分為「高關聯產業」、「中關聯-內銷產業」、「中關聯-外銷產業」及「低關聯產業」，並利用混合時間序列與橫斷面之資料（Panel Data）中的固定效果模型來進行迴歸分析，以探討不同產業類型對外投資對我國產業Malmquist生產力指數及相關之效率變動指數之影響。
本研究結果發現：
一、未區分對外投資型態下：
（1）高關聯產業的對外投資對於總要素生產力的影響為正面幫助，但對於中關聯-內銷、中關聯-外銷及低關聯產業之影響卻是負面的。
（2）其他相關效率變動方面，對外投資對於所有產業類型的純技術效率變動皆為有正面的影響；反之，規模效率變動則為負面的影響。至於技術變動方面，則會因產業類型的不同而有所差異。
二、區分對外投資型態下：
（1）低關聯產業及中關聯-內銷產業不管是擴張型或防禦型對外直接投資對於總要素生產力皆有不利的影響；高關聯產業則不管是擴張型或防禦型對外直接投資對於總要素生產力皆有正面的影響。
（2）「防禦型對外投資」對於所有類型產業的技術變動和規模效率變動皆為負面的影響，但對純技術效率變動則為正面的影響，而「擴張型對外投資」對於所有類型產業的技術變動和規模效率變動皆為正面的幫助。

關鍵字

對外直接投資 ； 麥氏生產力 ； 固定效果模型

並列摘要

Since 1990 the Government to open up the domestic manufacturers to invest in the mainland but also caused another wave of foreign investment, many people worried about the westward movement of the industry, will accelerate the speed of the outflow of domestic capital and domestic capital formation impeded. Do outward FDI cause influence on domestic industrial Productivity?
Our sample includes 14 industries over the time period 1991-2001. First, The use of capital and labor as input factors and Gross domestic product as the output to measure the Taiwanese industrial Malmquist productivity index and the related efficiency index. Second, We classification of industry is based on industry sectors associated and ratio of goods for export. Our econometric estimation is based on a pooled time series/cross-section data set with fixed effect model. The important empirical results obtained from this study are as follows:
一、 we do not separate outward FDI into the expansionary FDI and defensive FDI
(1) The high relevance of FDI in industry TFP for a positive impact, but they are all the other negative.
(2) Foreign investment for all types of industry changes in pure technical efficiency have a positive impact on both; the other hand, changes in scale efficiency compared to a negative impact.
二、we separate outward FDI into the expansionary FDI and defensive FDI
(1) Low-related industries and middle related-the domestic industry, whether expansionary investment or defensive investment for the TFP have an adverse impact; high correlation regardless of industry or the expansion of defense for FDI have a positive TFP impact.
(2) Defensive investment for all types of industries, technical change and scale efficiency change are the negative impact, while the expansion investment for all types of industry, technology changes and scale efficiency change are positive.

並列關鍵字

FDI ； Malmquist ； Panel Data

參考文獻

陳右昌（2005），《對外直接投資對我國製造業生產力之影響》，靜宜大學會計系碩士論文。

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