從社會網絡分析養殖社區水災回復力之運作－以屏東縣東港、林邊、佳冬為例

Discussion aquaculture community flood resilience from social network analysis - in Pingtung County Donggang, Linbian, Jiadong Case

郭光明(Guang-Ming Guo)

指導教授 ： 洪鴻智

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/不動產與城鄉環境學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

發生在2009年的莫拉克風災，引進旺盛西南氣流，造成當時屏東縣東港、林邊、佳冬當地養殖產業受到洪水衝擊而損失慘重，目前經過了這幾年重建後，這些養殖社區漁民是否已經能夠從過去災害衝擊中走出來，這過程的回復機制有哪些特性。故本研究假設災害回復應是動態的社會互動過程，透過引入社會網絡分析觀點，並參考回復力過程應有條件，了解養殖漁民在災前的應變與災後的調適學習上會做什麼事情，運用社會網絡角度呈現這些漁民在這些行為上會和哪些部門有所接觸，透過相關網絡指標衡量，了解這些互動關係是如何影響回復力的運作。因此，本研究從文獻回顧中釐清回復力與社會網絡的相關定義，建構水災回復力架構，以社會網絡分析、多元迴歸分析、二項羅吉特分析，探討養殖漁民的水災回復力運作。
研究結果發現，關鍵是以參與減災計畫獲得協助來源數目越多，代表能夠從不同部門得到幫助，會影響漁民在其它行為的資源多樣性相對越強，及更有行動力在災前災後採取整備、減災、調適。同理可證，通常網絡越大者，在災害回復力運作上可減少衝擊，甚至是在衝擊之後能夠透過學習再組織來達到更好狀態，可見個人網絡上得到較多管道幫助者，在災害回復運作中越具有相對優勢。而養殖漁民多著重在風災前的預警消息上，對於參與減災計畫與改善養殖技術轉型的協助來源數都普遍較低，只有遭遇嚴重損失時候養殖漁民的個人網絡連結數量才會變多。因此如何在這個層面上，整合政府政策，搭配民間的力量，加強不同部門角色與養殖漁民的關係，改善養殖漁民對於這些調適災害的行為疑慮或者擔憂，才能讓屏東當地的水產養殖產業能夠與環境共生永續經營發展。

關鍵字

莫拉克風災 ； 社會網絡分析 ； 回復力

並列摘要

The term resilience was originated from a branch theory of ecology, application in the field of disaster management can be interpreted in a community, which is able to absorb external sources of interference. After the impact of self-organization, it can be even better through learning and returned to its best state. In 2009, a typhoon, Morakot, brought a large rainfall and caused great floods to the community of aquaculture, which impacted fishermen and surroundings in Donggang, Linbian, and Jiadong at the time. After a few years recovery, if they’re already recovered from the impact of the disaster and if there’s any feature during the process of it are the main research. In this research, by introducing view of social network analysis, and with reference of the conditions of the process of resilience, helping farmers to know the current status of the recovery and what the future could be improved and to promote policies and basis.
The results found the key is to get more involved in disaster mitigation plan and to assist the number of sources, and representatives from different departments’ help, then it will affect the fishermen relatively stronger in the resource diversity of other acts, and more actions were taken before the disaster forces preparedness, mitigation, and adaptation. With the same reason, the larger network owners, the more reduction of disaster response operations can be, even after the impact, it can be achieved via learning how to organize better state. The fish farmers are more focusing on typhoon warning before the mitigation plan for the participation of several sources of help and improvement of aquaculture technology transition are generally low. So how, on this level, the integration of government policy cooperates with the local and strengthen the relationship between departments and fish farmers. To help them to adapt these disasters’ additional act of doubts and fears is to make the local of Pingtung aquaculture industry work with the environment and do sustainable development.

並列關鍵字

Typhoon Morakot ； Social Network Analysis ； Resilience

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