保險利益於保險制度中除確定保險金賠償之對象外,亦作為被保險人損失填補的依據,而依損失填補原則,保險代位制度於強烈要求被保險人不得獲得不當利益的保險制度中扮演著重要角色,並兼含有確定保險人以及被保險人責任之功能。然而,保險代位之原始模型均以民法上的損害賠償請求權作為討論,並在行使條件滿足的情況下避免被保險人獲得非份利益,但此時如將國家賠償責任與民事損害賠償替換後,保險人能否向國家賠償機關依據保險法第五十三條行使保險代位權?本文認為民事損害賠償責任源自於損失填補原則,但國家賠償責任除有損失填補原則外,更兼含有公負擔均攤原則的精神,而有社會連帶主義的思想在內。此時,本文擬從保險制度本質以及國家賠償法的起源、精神分析,並佐以美國聯邦最高法院意見及美國聯邦侵權行為法,分析討論能否必然推論出肯定或否定保險人能代位主張對國家賠償機關請求權之結論。
Civil liability derived from the principle of indemnity, but in State Compensation Law, it not only associated with the principle of indemnity , but also related to” the principle of equality of public burdens”. Therefore, the liability in State Compensation Law implied the spirit of solidarism. The spirit of solidarism effects upon the explanation of direction in insurance law and State Compensation Law. The book discusses and analysis the object of insurer’s subrogation from this specific perspective. In addition, the book also refers to the relevant provisions, for example: “Federal Torts Claims Act” and “the case of Supreme Court of the United States”.