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  • 學位論文

大眾運輸補貼與擁擠稅之比較分析

Comparing analysis of public transit subsidies and congestion tax

指導教授 : 蔡智發
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摘要


本研究之模型以Pigou的擁擠稅概念及大眾運輸補貼為出發點,藉由使用者需求函數與使用成本變化,進而得出在不同情況及條件下,各運具使用者數量之變化。而與先期研究(如Parry等)不同之處,在於本研究考量現今都會區運具選項多,因此除常見的小汽車及公車以外,加入了捷運這項運具,以觀察在多運具選擇的情況下,使用者考慮本身效益及成本後,旅次量之變化。 結果顯示,對小汽車課徵擁擠稅使小汽車旅次量影響最大,也帶來最高的社會福利,而對大眾運輸進行補貼使大眾運輸的旅次量大幅提升,但由於對大眾運輸進行補貼對於財務方面是一大負擔,因此,即便大眾運輸的旅次量提升了,卻未能帶來較高的社會福利。最後在靜態分析時討論各種不同條件下,旅次量及社會福利的變化。

並列摘要


Based on Pigou’s concept ,this study analyzes the issue of congestion tax and transit subsidy.The demand function and cost function for the users of each mode are used to model the trips by each mode under various conditions.Different from Parry(2002),this study considers the users in metropolitan areas today have many choices to commute. Except cars and buses, MRT is another choice. This will allow us to observe the change of trips under multi-mode choice,after consideration of user’s benefit and cost. The result shows that the impact of congestion tax on car users is the largest.The quantity of car users significantly decreases,and this also yields highest social welfare.On the other way,providing subsidy to public transit makes the quantity of transit users significantly increase.However,it cannot yield the highest social welfare,due to its heavy financial burden.At last,this study make some comparative analyses on the change of traffic flow and social welfare under different conditions.

參考文獻


15.交通部運輸研究所(民99),「市區公車設施」,交通部。
18.郭瑜堅(民92),「都市旅次成本之研究」,台灣大學土木工程研究所碩士論文。
19.張學孔、郭瑜堅(民96),「都市旅次總成本模式構建之研究」,運輸計劃季刊,第三十六卷,第二期,頁147-182。
1.Basso ,Leonardo J. and Jara-Díaz,Sergio R. (2012),” Integrating congestion pricing, transit subsidies and mode choic” Transportation Economics 46(6), 890–900.
2.Borger ,B. De, Dunkerley, F., Proost, S. (2007),” Strategic investment and pricing decisionsin a congested transport corridor” Journal of Urban Economics 62,294–316

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