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  • 學位論文

貪污犯罪形成歷程探討

A Study on The Process of Corruption

指導教授 : 許春金
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摘要


一、研究目的:這項研究注重貪污犯罪行為的分析,以確實掌握政府機關貪污犯罪線索,進而以犯罪學的角度設計有效的防制對策,建立公部門的廉潔形象達成民眾對政府的期望。研究方向及達成效能: (一)貪污犯罪之性質、特徵、發生歷程及原因、動機等。 (二)發掘貪污犯罪因子及評估方法,先期發現政風顧慮人員加強管理。 (三)貪污犯罪預防對策。 二、研究對象 (一)案件資料研析:選取2004-2006年臺北市政府各級機關主動發掘貪污犯罪起訴案件,經各地方法院一審判決書等資料數據及貪污因子等,再與類似論文相關因子資料比較。地方法院一審刑事判決:總計27案,5案尚在審理中,其中22案一審判決確定:13案以刑法判決及判決無罪,實際以貪污犯罪判決確定者9案。 (二)親訪臺灣臺北監獄選取係屬臺北市政府各級機關犯貪污罪公務員5名之受刑人,以實地深度訪談質化研究,以犯罪者親身述說犯罪歷程能更貼近貪污行為的真實性,並該研究領域中的真實案例,使貪污犯罪的隱密性、擴散性、犯罪黑數、共犯結構等複雜特性能進而了解,並可作為往後研究的參考,期望對貪污犯罪者能有如生理解剖般的清析認識。 三、研究發現:影響貪污犯罪的主要貪污因子分2類如后述: (一)危險因子:1.財務管理失衡、2.生活或工作壓力、3.偏差行為或犯罪前科、4.人際關係複雜度、5.社會互動性-參與社團、6.民意代表(特權)關係、7.機關內成員關係、8.法律信念/服刑感受、9.具專業能力者:如委託代理業務。 (二)促發因子:1.環境因素:與三教九流的人接觸而得到資訊之權力。2.採購(財物、勞務、工程):與廠商接觸密切。3.審議會議:外聘學者專家之合議制會議,如都市設計審議委員會。4.行政處分權或司法警察權:第一線需與民眾或廠商接觸或有審查或准駁之申辦案件。5.核定權或發放補助款、獎金。6.主持或核定案件者。7.代理業務(如地政士、監理業)。8.職務上機會需申辦費用(如差旅費、加油費等)。另在訪談的歸納整理中,發現環境影響因素也是其中一項主因。 四、建議 本文研究貪污防制方法應從多元層面著手進行,並不僅由人為掌控,主要在各層面之貪污因子可能產生弊失,配合犯罪學理論角度加以設計及運用現行反貪方法,加以檢討控管、稽核及改進缺失以抗制貪污因子;另參考香港、新加坡反貪腐策略層次圖,研析貪污犯罪防制層級,分為反貪、防貪及肅貪等層級策略,建議各層級應可同時並行,抗制方式可配合預防方法多元化應用,將貪污犯罪減少(肅貪)、加強防貪抗制方式、擴大反貪作為,以減少貪污犯罪黑數,成一倒三角之防制層級圖,以期降低貪污犯罪。

關鍵字

貪污 瀆職 賄賂 貪腐印象指數 行賄指數

並列摘要


A Study on The Process of Corruption I. Study purpose: this research focuses on analysis of embezzlement crime to duly grasp the embezzlement crime clues at government institutes and then design effective countermeasures in light of criminology in order to establish the image of honesty and meet the public’s expectations of the government. Study directions and achieved efficiency: (1) Nature, characteristics, procedures, causes and motives of embezzlement crimes. (2) Discovering embezzlement crime factors and evaluation methods to find out the people in suspicion by the government ethics personnel in advance for enhanced management. (3) Countermeasures of embezzlement crimes. II. Objectives (1) Research and analysis of cases:The researcher selects cases of embezzlement crimes discovered by institutes of Taipei City Government from 2004 to 2006 and then compares data of first sentence court verdicts by district courts and embezzlement factors with factors in similar thesis papers. Criminal sentence of first sentence by district courts: total of 27 cases, five still under trial with 22 confirmed in the first sentence; 13 cases sentenced by criminal laws and not guilty with 6 cases confirmed embezzlement crime. (2) Interviewing 5 inmates from institutes of Taipei City Government of civil servants at Taipei Prison: the researcher has in-depth interviews with the inmates to get close to the reality by narrations of the inmates. From the real cases in this field, privacy, spread, crime black numbers and accomplice structure can be understood. They will be reference of future studies. It is our hope to have as clear understanding of embezzlement crime inmates as clear as that of physiological dissection. III. Findings: Main factors affecting embezzlement crimes are detailed in 2 categories: (1) Danger factors:1. imbalance of financial management, 2. life or work pressure, 3. deviated behaviors or crime record, 4. complicated interpersonal relation, 5. social interaction-participation in associations, 6. councilors (privilege) relation, 7. relations among members at institutes , 8. legal beliefs/feeling of serving sentences and 9. having professional ability: e.g. agency (2) Priming factors:1. environment: power of obtaining information with people of all walks of life, 2. purchase (finance, labor, construction): close contact with proprietors, 3. discussion meetings: collegiate meetings such urban discussion committee inviting outside scholars, 4. administration disposition right or judicial police right: first contact with people or proprietors or discussion or grant/denial of application cases, 5. approval or issuance of subsidy, bonuses, 6. sponsoring or approving cases, 7. agency (e.g. land administration agents, administration regulations), and 8. application of fees because of the function (travel expenses, fuel charges). The researcher also finds that environment is also another main cause from the conclusions. IV. Suggestions The research suggests preventive measures of embezzlement be conducted in diverse ways. They shall not be controlled by people. With cardiology theories, we need to design and use current anti-embezzlement methods focusing on factors of embezzlement in different levels to control, audit and correct mistakes to reduce embezzlement factors. Also in reference of strategic level chart of anti-corruption in Hong Kong and Singapore, we discuss the levels of embezzlement crimes and divide the measures into anti-corruption, prevention of corruption and control corruption. It is suggested all levels be done at the same time. Control can be coordinated with diverse ways to expand reduction of embezzlement crimes (corruption control) and enhancement of embezzlement control to anti-embezzlement behaviors to reduce embezzlement crime black numbers into a reverse triangle level to reduce embezzlement crimes.

參考文獻


國際透明組織台灣總會-台灣透明組織
朱柔若譯,Thomas Herzog著
Transparency Internation Corruption Fighters’ Tool Kit,
2003 Measuring Transparency in Municipal and Central Governments, Japan
2005 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2005

被引用紀錄


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張銘耀(2010)。我國政風機構推動廉政建設之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2010.10779
高憲文(2009)。財產來源不明罪法制化之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2009.00124
梁式榮(2009)。儒家文化與貪腐犯罪之關係〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-0306200915494400
王永福(2009)。不同類型公務員貪瀆犯罪之特徵及影響因素之調查研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1901200917061300

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