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飼料玉米價格之預測—單變量與多變量時間數列模型之比較分析

The Comparative Analysis of Univariate and Multivariate Time Series Models on Forecasting of Maize Prices

指導教授 : 許玉雪
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摘要


飼料玉米為畜產飼料之主要成分,其價格波動直接間接影響畜牧業的發展,近幾年受石油能源危機和溫室效應的衝擊,使國際飼料玉米價格持續上揚,加上國內飼料玉米主要仰賴進口,故掌握玉米價格的波動趨勢對國內畜牧業的發展極為重要。 本文旨在應用單變量與多變量時間數列模型建立飼料玉米價格預測模式,利用玉米期貨價格及玉米現貨價格進行實證分析,並探討玉米期貨價格和玉米現貨價格之關聯性。根據玉米價格之趨勢特性及過去文獻之研究結果以GARCH模型及馬可夫轉換模型為基礎,並予以擴充,試圖找到一較佳的預測模式。以單變量GARCH族群模型、多變量GARCH模型、單變量馬可夫轉換模型及多變量馬可夫狀態轉換自我迴歸模型進行實證分析,並利用RMSE作為預測評估準則,希望建構出可作為預測玉米價格趨勢的模型,並對玉米未來進口價格進行預測。 實證結果顯示,單變量模型中,玉米期貨價格以ARMA(1,1) -TGARCH(1,1,1)模型的預測能力最佳,其次為ARMA(1,1)-GARCH(1,1)模型、MSIA(2)-AR(4)模型,玉米現貨價格則以ARMA(1,1)-EGARCH(1,1)模型的預測能力最佳,其次為ARMA(1,1)-TGARCH(1,1,1)模型、ARMA(1,1) -GARCH(1,1)模型;多變量模型中,玉米期貨價格以MSIA(2)-VAR(4)模型的預測能力最佳,玉米現貨價格以MSIA(2)-VAR(4)模型的預測能力最佳。玉米價格預測上,以GARCH族群模型來說,單變量模型較多變量模型為佳;但以馬可夫狀態轉換自我迴歸模型來說,則為多變量模型較佳。整體來說,在玉米期貨價格及玉米現貨價格相互影響條件下,本研究建議使用多變量馬可夫狀態轉換模型做為未來玉米價格預測之模型。

並列摘要


Maize is one of the major inputs of livestock industry, which directly or indirectly affect livestock market. Recently, energy crisis and climate change has increased the instability of international maize prices. In Taiwan, the maize mainly rely on import, therefore, in order to catch the trend of the domestic animal husbandry development, it is important to grasp the fluctuations of international maize prices. This article aims to apply univariate and multivariate time series models to forecast maize prices, including futures prices and cash prices. According to the characteristics of the trend of corn prices and previous study findings, this study intends to expand the application of the GARCH model and Markov switching model, and find a better forecasting model for maize prices. Univariate GARCH family models, multivariate GARCH model, univariate Markov switching model and multivariate Markov switching autoregressive model are selected for comparative analysis. RMSE is used to compare the forecast performance of the forecast models. The empirical results show that (1) for univariate models: ARMA (1,1)-TGARCH (1,1,1) model has the best performance on predicting futures prices of maize, while ARMA (1,1)-EGARCH (1,1) is the best on predicting cash prices; (2) multivariate models: MSIA (2)-VAR (4) has the best performance on predicting futures prices of maize and MSIA (2)-VAR (4) is the best on cash price. Using GARCH family models for maize prices forecast, the univariate models perform better than multivariate models; whereas, for using Markov state transition autoregressive model, the multivariate models perform better than univariate models. Study results also found that the futures price and the cash price of maize are highly related. Accordingly, this study suggests using multivariate Markov state transition model as the model for forecasting the maize prices.

參考文獻


蔡嘉文(2009),多變量GARCH模型對台灣利率預測能力之比較研究,國立暨南國際大學財務金融學系碩士論文.
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被引用紀錄


洪毓婷(2016)。時間數列模型在原油價格預測之比較分析〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1303201714250895

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